Postnatal and Child Development

Question 1

Prefrontal association area

Answer 1

Executive function and concentration
Area affected with ADHD

Question 2

Primary motor cortex

Answer 2

Supply nerves to muscle

Question 3

Primary somatic sensory cortex

Answer 3

Receive impulses from periphery

Question 4

Occipital lobe

Answer 4

Vision

Question 5

Temporal lobe

Answer 5

Auditory sensation and speech

Question 6

Primitive reflexes

Answer 6

Morrow reflex 28-32 weeks
Standing reflex 3 months
Grasp reflex 6-9 months
Parachute reflex 6-9 months

Persistence of primitive reflexes may be impaired development

Question 7

Domains of development

Answer 7

Speech and language
Gross motor
Social
Fine motor

Question 8

Development

Answer 8

Global impression of a child encompassing growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour. Endows child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society.

Question 9

Gross motor at 6-8 weeks

Answer 9

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone

Question 10

Gross motor at 6-8 months

Answer 10

Sits without support
6 - round back
8 - straight back

Question 11

Gross motor at 3-5 months

Answer 11

Begin to roll

Question 12

Gross motor at 8-9 months

Answer 12

Crawling

Question 13

Gross motor at 10 months

Answer 13

Pull up to furniture

Question 14

Gross motor at 12 months

Answer 14

Walks unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart

Question 15

Gross motor at 15 months

Answer 15

Steady walk

Question 16

Fine motor at 6 weeks

Answer 16

Follows movement by turning head

Question 17

Fine motor at 4 months

Answer 17

Reaches out for toys

Question 18

Fine motor at 4-6 months

Answer 18

Palmar grasp

Question 19

Fine motor at 7 months

Answer 19

Transfer object from one hand to other

Question 20

Fine motor at 10 months

Answer 20

Mature pincer grip

Question 21

Fine motor at 16-18 months

Answer 21

Makes marks with crayon

Question 22

Fine motor at 14 months - 4 years

Answer 22

Building blocks

Question 23

Fine motor at 2-5 years

Answer 23

Can draw without seeing how it is done
Can copy

Question 24

Speech at newborn

Answer 24

Startles to loud noise

Question 25

Speech at 3-4 months

Answer 25

Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs

Question 26

Speech at 7 months

Answer 26

Turn to soft sounds out of sight

Question 27

Speech at 7-10 months

Answer 27

7 months - sounds used indiscriminately 10 months - sounds used indiscriminately to parents

Question 28

Speech at 12 months

Answer 28

Two to three words other than dada or mama

Question 29

Speech at 18 months

Answer 29

6-10 words. Show two parts of body

Question 30

Speech at 20-24 months

Answer 30

Use two or more words to make simple phrases

Question 31

Speech at 2.5 - 3 years

Answer 31

Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences

Question 32

Behaviour at 18 months

Answer 32

Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth

Question 33

Behaviour at 18-24 months

Answer 33

Symbolic play

Question 34

Behaviour at 6 weeks

Answer 34

Smiles responsively

Question 35

Behaviour at 6-8 months

Answer 35

Puts food in mouth

Question 36

Behaviour at 10-12 months

Answer 36

Waves bye bye, plays peek a boo

Question 37

Behaviour at 12 months

Answer 37

Drinks from a cup with two hands

Question 38

Behaviour at 2 years

Answer 38

Dry by day Pulls off some clothing

Question 39

Behaviour at 2.5 - 3 years

Answer 39

Parallel play Interactive play evolving Takes turns

Question 40

Healthy child programme

Answer 40

Screening Immunisation Child health reviews Health promotion

Question 41

Factors of development

Answer 41

Folate - spinal development Iron - cofactor for brain development Oxygen deprivation

Question 42

Evaluating abnormal development

Answer 42

History - parental concern - birth history - family history PMHX - developmental history - current skills Examination - developmental assessment + general and neurological - investigations

Question 43

Approach to developmental assessment

Answer 43

Ask Observe Task Assess milestones proceeding age, expected milestones for age, next important milestones

Question 44

Factors influencing developmental delay

Answer 44

Ill health Lack of physical or psychological stimuli Sensory/motor impairment Reduced inherent potential

Question 45

Causes of global delay

Answer 45

Chromosomal abnormalities (Down’s syndrome) Metabolic (hypothyroidism) Antenatal and perinatal (infections, drugs, toxins) Environmental social Chronic illness

Question 46

Causes of motor delay

Answer 46

Cerebral palsy Global delay Congenital dislocation hip Social deprivation Spina bifida

Question 47

Causes of language delay

Answer 47

Hearing loss Learning disability Lack of stimulation Autism