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Development and Ageing > Postnatal and Child Development > Flashcards

Postnatal and Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

Prefrontal association area

A

Executive function and concentration
Area affected with ADHD

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2
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Supply nerves to muscle

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3
Q

Primary somatic sensory cortex

A

Receive impulses from periphery

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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5
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory sensation and speech

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6
Q

Primitive reflexes

A

Morrow reflex 28-32 weeks
Standing reflex 3 months
Grasp reflex 6-9 months
Parachute reflex 6-9 months

Persistence of primitive reflexes may be impaired development

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7
Q

Domains of development

A

Speech and language
Gross motor
Social
Fine motor

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8
Q

Development

A

Global impression of a child encompassing growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour. Endows child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society.

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9
Q

Gross motor at 6-8 weeks

A

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone

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10
Q

Gross motor at 6-8 months

A

Sits without support
6 - round back
8 - straight back

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11
Q

Gross motor at 3-5 months

A

Begin to roll

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12
Q

Gross motor at 8-9 months

A

Crawling

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13
Q

Gross motor at 10 months

A

Pull up to furniture

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14
Q

Gross motor at 12 months

A

Walks unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart

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15
Q

Gross motor at 15 months

A

Steady walk

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16
Q

Fine motor at 6 weeks

A

Follows movement by turning head

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17
Q

Fine motor at 4 months

A

Reaches out for toys

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18
Q

Fine motor at 4-6 months

A

Palmar grasp

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19
Q

Fine motor at 7 months

A

Transfer object from one hand to other

20
Q

Fine motor at 10 months

A

Mature pincer grip

21
Q

Fine motor at 16-18 months

A

Makes marks with crayon

22
Q

Fine motor at 14 months - 4 years

A

Building blocks

23
Q

Fine motor at 2-5 years

A

Can draw without seeing how it is done
Can copy

24
Q

Speech at newborn

A

Startles to loud noise

25
Q

Speech at 3-4 months

A

Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs

26
Q

Speech at 7 months

A

Turn to soft sounds out of sight

27
Q

Speech at 7-10 months

A

7 months - sounds used indiscriminately
10 months - sounds used indiscriminately to parents

28
Q

Speech at 12 months

A

Two to three words other than dada or mama

29
Q

Speech at 18 months

A

6-10 words. Show two parts of body

30
Q

Speech at 20-24 months

A

Use two or more words to make simple phrases

31
Q

Speech at 2.5 - 3 years

A

Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences

32
Q

Behaviour at 18 months

A

Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth

33
Q

Behaviour at 18-24 months

A

Symbolic play

34
Q

Behaviour at 6 weeks

A

Smiles responsively

35
Q

Behaviour at 6-8 months

A

Puts food in mouth

36
Q

Behaviour at 10-12 months

A

Waves bye bye, plays peek a boo

37
Q

Behaviour at 12 months

A

Drinks from a cup with two hands

38
Q

Behaviour at 2 years

A

Dry by day
Pulls off some clothing

39
Q

Behaviour at 2.5 - 3 years

A

Parallel play
Interactive play evolving
Takes turns

40
Q

Healthy child programme

A

Screening
Immunisation
Child health reviews
Health promotion

41
Q

Factors of development

A

Folate - spinal development
Iron - cofactor for brain development
Oxygen deprivation

42
Q

Evaluating abnormal development

A

History
- parental concern
- birth history
- family history

PMHX
- developmental history
- current skills

Examination
- developmental assessment + general and neurological
- investigations

43
Q

Approach to developmental assessment

A

Ask
Observe
Task

Assess milestones proceeding age, expected milestones for age, next important milestones

44
Q

Factors influencing developmental delay

A

Ill health
Lack of physical or psychological stimuli
Sensory/motor impairment
Reduced inherent potential

45
Q

Causes of global delay

A

Chromosomal abnormalities (Down’s syndrome)
Metabolic (hypothyroidism)
Antenatal and perinatal (infections, drugs, toxins)
Environmental social
Chronic illness

46
Q

Causes of motor delay

A

Cerebral palsy
Global delay
Congenital dislocation hip
Social deprivation
Spina bifida

47
Q

Causes of language delay

A

Hearing loss
Learning disability
Lack of stimulation
Autism

Development and Ageing (6 decks)

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