Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Development & Ageing > Postnatal and Child Development > Flashcards

Postnatal and Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

At what point does the brain develop ventricles, aqueducts?

A

8 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the brain like by term?

A

Fully developed:

  • Cortex
  • Ventricular system
  • Aqueducts
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
  • Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which part of the brain is affected in people with ADHD?

A

Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for the motor neurons?

A

Anterior part of grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A
  • Moro reflex
  • Standing reflex
  • Grasp reflex
  • Protective reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

The baby’s neck is suddenly extended causing the arms to abduct then adduct

  • develops ~28 weeks gestation
  • disappears ~3-6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What could persistence of the moro reflex be indicative of?

A

Impaired development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the standing reflex?

A

Extension of lower extremities and hips slightly flexed slightly behind the shoulders and head free to turn
- present from 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the grasp reflex?

A

The object placed in the palm of hand and finger grasp very tightly
Stroking on the side or lateral part of fingers causes them to open again
Develops ~ 6-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the protective reflex?

A

~6-9 months

Outstretched arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is development?

A

Global impression of child encompassing: growth, increase in understanding, acquiring new skills & more sophisticated responses & behaviour
Endows child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who can be aware of development?

A
  • Parents
  • Doctors
  • Teachers
  • Nursery nurses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When can awareness of development occur?

A
  • Opportunistically

- Part of planned programme reviews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 domains of child development?

A
  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Speech & Language skills
  • Social skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in gross motor skills?

A
  • Position
  • Head lag
  • Sitting
  • Walking
  • Running
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is looked at in fine motor skills?

A
  • Use of hands
  • Grasp and fine pincer
  • Bricks
  • Crayon
  • Puzzles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is looked at in speech and language skills?

A
  • Vocalisation
  • Words
  • Undertsanding
  • Imaginative play
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would you look at in social skills?

A
  • Social interaction
  • Stranger reaction
  • Eating skills
  • Dressing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would you see in a newborn who was pulled up from lying down?

A

Marked head lag on pulling up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would you expect to see in a baby who is 6-8 weeks?

A

raise head to 45 degrees in prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would you expect to see in a baby who is 6-8 months in terms of sitting?

A

Sitting without support

  • 6 months - round back
  • 8 months - straight back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At what age do babies begin to roll?

A

3-5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At what age would you expect a baby to be able to sit?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what age would you expect babies to be able to crawl?

A

8-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
At what age would you expect babies to be able to cruise around furniture?
10 months
26
At what age would you expect babies to be able to walk unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart?
12 mnths
27
At what age would you expect babies to be able to walk steadily?
15 months
28
What are the ways babies can go from sitting to walking?
immobile -> commando crawl -> walking immobile -> crawling on all 4s -> walking immobile -> bottom-shuffling -> walking
29
At what age would you expect babies to be able to follow moving objects?
6 weeks
30
At what age would you expect babies to reach out for toys?
4 months
31
At what age would you expect a palmar grasp?
~4-6 months
32
At what age would you expect a baby to transfer objects from one hand to another?
~7 months
33
At what age would you expect a baby to do a mature pincer grip?
10 months
34
At what age would you expect a baby to make marks with a crayon?
16-18mnths
35
At what age would you expect a baby to startle to loud noises?
Newborn
36
At what age would you expect a baby to vocalise alone or laugh/coo when spoken to?
3-4months
37
At what age would you expect a baby to vocalise alone or laugh/coo when spoken to?
3-4 months
38
At what age would you expect a baby to turn to soft sounds out of sight?
7 months
39
At what age would you expect a baby to use sounds indiscriminately?
~7 months
40
At what age would you expect a baby to use sounds discriminately?
~10 months
41
At what age would expect a baby to use 2-3 words other than mama or dada?
12 months
42
At what age would you expect 6-10 words and showing 2 parts of the body?
18 months
43
At what age would you expect to use 2 or more words to make simple phrases?
20-24 months
44
At what age would you expect constant talking in 3-4 word sentences?
2.5-3 years
45
At what age would you expect a baby to hold a spoon and get food safely to the mouth?
18 months
46
At what age would you expect symbolic play?
18-24 months
47
At what age would you expect responsive smiles?
6 weeks
48
At what age would you expect to put food in mouth?
6-8 months
49
At what age would you expect waving bye-bye and playing peek-a-boo?
10-12 months
50
At what age would you expect drinking from a cup with two hands?
12 months encouraged to get rid of bottles at this age as it may affect speech development Prolonged bottle usage particularly with juices can cause dental carries
51
At what age would you expect dry by day and pulling off some clothing?
2 years
52
At what age would you expect parallel play, interactive play evolving & taking turns?
2.5-3 years
53
What is the limit age for head control?
4 months
54
What is the limit age for fixing and following visually?
3 months
55
What are the limit ages for polysyllabic babble?
7 months
56
What is the limit age for smiles?
8 wks
57
Who should be carrying out assessments and monitoring?
- Parents - Doctors - Nursery nurses - Teaches
58
What are the 4 key programme activities?
- Screening - Immunisation - Child health reviews - Health promotion
59
What are factors which affect the developing human at any time in the life cycle?
- Prenatal Nutrition Folate Iron - Perinatal Delivery itself - trauma? O2 deprivation? Drugs used - aminoglycosides - Postnatal Trauma Meningitis
60
How do we evaluate a child with abnormal development?
``` History - Parental concern - Birth history - FH PMH - developmental history - Current skills Examination - Developmental assessment & general & neurological - Any appropriate investigations ```
61
What is the general approach to developmental assessment?
Ask, observe, task
62
What do you need to assess?
- Milestones proceeding age - Expected milestones for age - Next important milestones
63
What factors could lead to delayed development?
- Ill health - Lack of physical/psychological stimula - Reduced inherent potential - Sensory/motor impairment
64
What are the types of developmental delay?
``` Global Specific - Language - Motor - Sensory - Cognitive ```
65
What is global delay?
Delay in all 4 domains
66
What are the causes of global delay?
- Chromosomal abnormalities - Down's, Fragile X - Metabolic - hypothyroidism - inborn metabolic errors - Antenatal & perinatal factors - infection, drugs, toxins, anoxia, trauma, folate deficiemcy - Environmental-social issues - Chronic illness
67
What could cause motor delay?
- Cerebral palsy - Global delay - Down's - Social deprivation - Congenital dislocation (hip) - Muscular dystrophy - Duchenne's - Neural tube defects - spina bifida - Hydrocephalus
68
What could cause language delay?
- Hearing loss - Learning disability - ASD - Lack of stimulation - Impaired comprehension of language - developmental dysphasia - Impaired speech production
69
What are the commonly used assessment tools?
- standardised tests - schedule of growing skills - Griffiths developmental scale - Bailey developmental scale - Denver developmental screening tests
70
What is the upper limit for sitting unsupported?
9 months
71
What is the upper limit for standing independently?
12 months
72
What is the upper limit for walking independently?
18 months
73
What is the limit age for reaching for objects?
6 months
74
What is the limit age for transferring?
9 months
75
What is the limit age for pincer grip?
12 months
76
What is the limit age for fear of strangers?
10 months
77
What is the limit age for feeding self/spoon?
18 months
78
What is the limit age for symbolic play?
2-2.5 years
79
What is the limit age for interactive play?
3-3.5 years
80
What is the limit age for constant babble?
10 months
81
What is the limit age for saying 6 words with meaning ?
18 months
82
What is the limit age for joining words?
2 years
83
What is the limit age for 3-word sentences?
2.5 years

Development & Ageing (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions