Postmodern Approaches

Question 1

Narrative therapists believe new stories take hold only when there is an audience to appreciate and support such stories. T or F (Narrative therapy)

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the main functions of the narrative therapist is to ask questions of clients and, based on the answers, to generate further questions. T or F (Narrative therapy)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Narrative therapy is a relational and anti-individualistic practice. T or F (Narrative therapy)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Narrative practitioners avoid diagnosing and labeling clients or accepting a totalizing description based on a problem. T or F (Narrative therapy)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Narrative therapists do not pay more attention to a client’s past than they do to the client’s present and future. T or F (Narrative therapy)

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In solution-focused therapy, gathering extensive information about a problem is not a necessary step in helping clients find a solution to the problem. T or F (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Solution-focused therapists assist clients in focusing on exceptions to their problems and their conceptualized solutions. T or F (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Solution-focused therapists use questions that presuppose change, posit multiple answers, and remain goal-directed and future-oriented. T or F (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

In solution-focused brief therapy, the therapist believes people have the ability to define meaningful personal goals and that they have the resources required to solve their problems. T or F (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Because solution-focused therapy is designed to be brief, it is essential that therapists teach clients specific strategies … T or F (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is true of social constructionist theory? (Social Constructionist Theory)

Answer 11

The therapist-as-expert is replaced by the client as expert

Question 12

A general goal of narrative therapy is to (Narrative therapy)

Answer 12

invite people to describe their experience in new and fresh language, and in doing this open up new vistas of what is possible.

Question 13

All of the following are true of narrative therapy (Narrative therapy)

Answer 13

a) assisting clients in developing an alternative life story. b) viewing problems in a social and cultural context. c) creating a therapeutic relationship that is collaborative.

Question 14

Which interventions is likely to be used by a narrative therapist? (Narrative therapy)

Answer 14

a) assist clients in mapping the influence problem has had on their lives b) assist clients in separating themselves from the dominant stories they have internalized c) avoid diagnosing and labeling clients

Question 15

Which techniques is used in solution-focused therapy? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 15

a) scaling questions b) the miracle question c) formula first session task

Question 16

A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the

Answer 16

use of questioning

Question 17

__________ is a psychological expression of the postmodern worldview that values the client’s reality without disputing whether it is accurate or rational. (Postmodern Approaches)

Answer 17

Social constructionism

Question 18

In postmodern thinking, forms of language and the use of language in stories create (Postmodern Approaches)

Answer 18

meaning

Question 19

A potential shortcoming of the postmodern approaches pertains to (Postmodern Approaches)

Answer 19

not-knowing stance the therapist assumes, along with the assumption of the client-as-expert.

Question 20

What are basic assumptions guiding the practice of solution-focused brief therapy? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 20

a) There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future. b) Individuals who come to therapy have the capability of behaving effectively. c) Clients want to change, have the capacity to change, and are doing their best to make change happen.

Question 21

In solution-focused therapy, which kind of relationship is characterized by the client and therapist jointly identifying a problem and a solution to work toward? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 21

customer

Question 22

Pretherapy change is a solution-focused therapy technique that (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 22

asks clients to address changes that have taken place from the time they made an appointment to the first therapy session.

Question 23

Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe life without the problem? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 23

the miracle question

Question 24

In narrative therapy, the process of finding evidence to bolster a new view of the person as competent enough to have stood up to or defeated the dominance or oppression of the problem refers to (Narrative therapy)

Answer 24

the search for unique outcomes.

Question 25

Which statements about creating alternative stories are true? (Narrative therapy)

Answer 25

a) the therapist works with clients collaboratively by helping them construct more coherent and comprehensive stories that they live by. b) The development of alternative stories is an enactment of ultimate hope. c) Constructing new stories goes hand in hand with deconstructing problem-saturated narratives.

Question 26

Cofounders of Solution Focused Therapy

Answer 26

Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg

Question 27

Major figures associated with Narrative therapy

Answer 27

Michael White and David Epston

Question 28

Social constructionism, solution-focused brief therapy, and narrative therapy all assume who is the expert (Postmodern Approaches)

Answer 28

the client is an expert in his or her own life.

Question 29

_____________ is a psychological expression of this postmodern world- view; it values the client’s reality without disputing whether it is accurate or rational (Postmodern Approaches)

Answer 29

social constructionism (any understanding of reality is based on the use of language and is largely a function of the situations in which people live. Our knowledge about realities is socially constructed. A person is depressed when he or she adopts a definition of self as depressed.)

Question 30

In solution-focused therapy, which kind of relationship is characterized by the client describes a problem but is not able or willing to assume a role in constructing a solution, believing that a solution is dependent on someone else’s actions? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 30

Complainant

Question 31

In solution-focused therapy, which kind of relationship is characterized by the client comes to therapy because someone else (a spouse, par- ent, teacher, or probation officer) thinks the client has a problem (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 31

Visitor

Question 32

Questions to direct clients to times when the problem did not exist, or when the problem was not as intense. (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 32

Exception questions

Question 33

Questions when change in human experiences are not easily observed, such as feelings, moods, or communication, and to assist clients in noticing that they are not completely defeated by their problem (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 33

Scaling questions

Question 34

a form of homework a therapist might give clients to complete between their first and second sessions. The therapist might say: “Between now and the next time we meet, I would like you to observe, so that you can describe to me next time, what happens in your (family, life, marriage, relationship) that you want to continue to have happen” (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 34

formula first session task (FFST)

Question 35

Solution-focused practitioners generally take a break of 5 to 10 minutes toward the end of each session to compose a summary message for clients. What is the structure of the summary feedback? (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 35

compliments, a bridge, and suggesting a task. Compliments are genuine affirmations of what clients are already doing that is leading toward effective solutions. It is important that complimenting is not done in a routine or mechanical way, but in an encouraging manner that creates hope and conveys the expectation to clients that they can achieve their goals by drawing on their strengths and successes. Second, a bridge links the initial compliments to the suggested tasks that will be given. The bridge provides the rationale for the suggestions. The third aspect of feedback consists of suggesting tasks to clients, which can be considered as homework.

Question 36

The ultimate goal of solution-focused counseling is to (Solution-Focused Therapy)

Answer 36

end treatment

Question 37

What is it called when therapists begin to separate the person from the problem in their mind as they listen and respond? (Narrative Therapy)

Answer 37

double listening

Question 38

Clients function as ___________ when they have the authority to speak on their own behalf. (Narrative Therapy)

Answer 38

authors

Question 39

The aim of ____________ is to progressively discover or construct the client’s experience so that the client has a sense of a preferred direction. (Narrative Therapy)

Answer 39

Questioning. Questions are always asked from a position of respect, curiosity, and openness. Therapists ask questions from a not-knowing position, meaning that they do not pose questions that they think they already know the answers to.

Question 40

This process separates the person from identification with the problem. (Narrative Therapy)

Answer 40

Externalization. When clients view themselves as “being” the problem, they are limited in the ways they can effec- tively deal with the problem.