Posterior Leg and Plantar Foot

Question 1

Gastrocnemius- Medial Head

Answer 1

O: Medial Condyle of Femur
I: Calcaneus via the Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Knee
             Plantarflexion of the Foot

Question 2

Plantaris

Answer 2

O: Lateral Condyle of Femur and Joint Capsule
I: Calcaneus via the Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Knee (Weak)
Plantarflexion of the Foot

Question 3

Soleus

Answer 3

O: Soleal Line of Tibia, Interosseous Membrane and Fibula
I: Calcaneus via the Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Plantarflexion of the Foot

Question 4

Popliteus

Answer 4

O: Lateral Femoral Condyle
I: Tibia
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Knee (Weak)
             Medial Rotation of Tibia or Lateral Rotation of Femur             (Unlocking the Knee)

Question 5

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 5

O: Fibula, Interosseous Membrane and Tibia
I: Distal Phalanx of Great Toe
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Great Toe
             Plantarflexion of the Foot
             Inversion of Foot

Question 6

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 6

O: Fibula, Interosseous Membrane and Tibia
I: Distal Phalanx of Digits 2-5
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Digits 2-5
             Plantarflexion of the Foot
             Inversion of Foot

Question 7

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 7

O: Fibula, Interosseous Membrane and Tibia
I: Navicular and Medial Cuneiform
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Plantarflexion of the Foot
             Inversion of Foot
             Dynamic Support of Arches

Question 8

Gastrocnemius- Lateral Head

Answer 8

O: Lateral Condyle of Femur
I: Calcaneus via the Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon
Innervation: Tibial N.
Action: Flexion of the Knee
             Plantarflexion of the Foot

Question 9

the flexor retinaculum of the foot spans from which two structures?

Answer 9

the calcaneus to the medial malleolus

Question 10

Does the popliteal artery run superficial or deep to the popliteus?

Answer 10

superficial but deep to gastrocnemius

Question 11

Relationship between tibialis posterior, flexor hallicus longus, and flexor digitorum longus origins

Answer 11

Flexor digitorum is the most medial and the highest, then tibialis posterior in the middle, then flexor hallicus longus is the most lateral and furthest down the leg. The tendons of these muscles all have sheaths as they pass the flexor retinaculum

Question 12

The relationship of the things in the flexor retinaculum from posterior to anterior

Answer 12

Flexor hallicus longus, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior (HNADP)

Question 13

Does the tibial nerve leave the popliteal fossa deep or superficial to the gastrocnemius?

Answer 13

Deep and courses down the center of the leg. During its course, the tibial nerve crosses the posterior tibial artery from medial to lateral

Question 14

The tibial nerve gives off what three branches?

Answer 14

the medial and lateral plantar nerves (that run with the medial and lateral plantar arteries) and the medial calcaneus nerves

Question 15

What does the posterior tibial artery run with in the leg?

Answer 15

tibial nerve (they are both deep to soleus)

Question 16

Where does the fibular artery branch from the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 16

~2cm inferior to the split between anterior and posterior tibial arteries. It descends on or is embedded in the muscles of the deep compartment of the leg as it courses down the lateral side of the leg

Question 17

Does the soleal line run medial to lateral along the posterior aspect of the tibia or vice-versa?

Answer 17

lateral to medial

Question 18

What nerve does the small saphenous vein run with?

Answer 18

sural nerve (these are superficial structures)

Question 19

What nerve does the great saphenous vein run with?

Answer 19

saphenous nerve

Question 20

What nerve does the anterior tibial artery run with?

Answer 20

deep fibular nerve

Question 21

What is the crural chiasm?

Answer 21

the point where the tibialis posterior crosses the flexor digitorum longus

Question 22

What is the plantar chiasm?

Answer 22

The point where the flexor halicus longus passes underneath/deep to the flexor digitorum longus before entering the flexor retinaculum

Question 23

Does the extensor halicus longus run deep or superficial to the flexor digitorum longus in the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 23

deep to its insertion at the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Question 24

What artery gives to the plantar metatarsal arteries?

Answer 24

perforating arteries of the arcuate artery

Question 25

What artery does the arcuate artery arise from?

Answer 25

the dorsalis pedis

Question 26

The dorsal and plantar digital arteries arise from which artery?

Answer 26

dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries (which come off the arcuate and perforating arteries of the arcuate artery respectively)

Question 27

What nerve supplies cutaneous innveration to the heel of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 27

medial calcaneus of the tibial nerve