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anatomy > Posterior & Anterior Triangles of the Neck, Thyroid and Parathyroid > Flashcards

Posterior & Anterior Triangles of the Neck, Thyroid and Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

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2
Q

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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3
Q

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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4
Q

What is the collective function of the suprahyoid bones?

A

Raise the hyoid bone as required for swallowing

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5
Q

What are the attachments of mylohyoid?

A

Origin: Mylohyoid line (mandible)
Insertion: Body of hyoid, fibres of opposite mylohyoid

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6
Q

What are the attachments of digastric?

A

Anterior belly origin: digastric fossa (mandible)
Posterior belly origin: mastoid notch (mastoid process)
Insertion: intermediate tendon at hyoid

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric?

A

Inferior alveolar branch of CN V3 (also known as nerve to mylohyoid)

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies posterior belly of digastric?

A

Digastric branch of CNVII

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9
Q

What are the attachments of geniohyoid?

A

Origin: mental spine of mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies genioglossus?

A

Anterior ramus of C1 (travels with CNXII)

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11
Q

What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress or fix hyoid bone and provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles

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12
Q

What are the attachments of sternohyoid?

A

Origin: post. surface sternoclavicular joint & manubrium
Insertion: body of hyoid

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13
Q

What are the attachments of omohyoid?

A

Superior belly: intermediate tendon –> body of hyoid

Inferior belly: sup. border of scapula –> intermediate tendon

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14
Q

What are the attachments of thyrohyoid?

A

Origin: oblique line on thyroid cartilage
Insertion: greater horn and body of hyoid

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15
Q

What are the attachments of sternothyroid?

A

Origin: posterior surface of manubrium
Insertion: oblique line on thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

What is the innervation of sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3 (through ansa cervicalis)

17
Q

What is the innervation of thyrohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1 (fibres run with CNVII)

18
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the thyroid?

A

Thyroid cartilage down to 5th tracheal ring

19
Q

What level is the midline isthmus of the thyroid located?

A

3rd tracheal ring

20
Q

What is the midline pyramidal duct of the thyroid a remnant of?

A

Thyroglossal duct

21
Q

Which arteries and veins supply the thyroid?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

22
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

23
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior surface of thyroid

24
Q

Which nerves supply the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

A

Thyroid branches from the cervical (sympathetic) ganglia

25
Q

What are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternal head: manubirum –> superior nuchal line

Clavicular head: medial 3rd of clavicle –> mastoid process

26
Q

What are the actions of SCM?

A

Draws head forward

Tilts head towards ipsilateral side while turning face contralaterally

27
Q

Which nerve supplies the SCM and Trapezius?

A

CN XI (accessory)

28
Q

What are the attachments of trapezius?

A

Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes (C7-T12)
Insertion: lateral 3rd clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula

29
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

Origin: C1-4 TPs
Insertion: Scapula

30
Q

Which nerve innervates levator scapulae?

A

C3, 4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4, 5)

31
Q

What is the function of the scalene muscles?

A

Elevate the 1st rib

32
Q

Where do the scalene muscles attach?

A

C3-7

–> first rib

33
Q

What are the muscular branches of the cervical plexus?

A

Ansa cervicalis

Phrenic nerve

34
Q

What are the cuteanous branches of the cervical plexus?

A 
Lesser occipital (C2)
Great auricular (C2, 3)
Transverse cervical (C2, 3)
Supraclavicular (C3, 4)
35
Q

Which nerve innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

36
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein drain?

A

EJV

anatomy (14 decks)

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