Posterior abdominal wall, muscles, abdominal aorta etc

Question 1

Structures of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Lumbar spine
Psoas major
Quadratus laborum
IVC
Aorta + autonomic plexuses and lymph nodes
Sympathetic trunk
Ureters
Gonadal vessels run over ureters

Question 2

Where does the thoracic aorta enter the abdomen?

Answer 2

Between the 2 cura of the diaphragm behind the median arcuate ligament

Question 3

What does the abdominal aorta branch into and where?

Answer 3

Bifurcates into 2 common iliac arteries in fron of body of L4

Question 4

Branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 4

UNPAIRED VISCERAL BRANCHES (3 gut arteries) = coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
PAIRED VISCERAL = suprarenal, renal, gonandal
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL WALL = paired inferior phrenic, lumbar arteries, unpaired median sacral artery (anastomoses with sacral arteries and supplies pelvic wall)

Question 5

Name 4 structures that cross the abdominal aorta

Answer 5

splenic vein
doudenum (3rd part)
left renal
Superior and inferior mesenteric

Question 6

Describe the path of the psoas muscle

Answer 6

Origin: fascia on the sides of the lumbar vertebra and IV discs.
Runs vertically down side of spine
Passes along pelvic brim and under inguinal ligament
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 7

Describe the path of the Iliacus muscle

Answer 7

Origin: anterior of ilium
Fibres converge and pass lateral to psoas under inguinal ligament
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Question 8

Describe the path of the lateral cutaneous nerve

Answer 8

Emerges laterally from psoas, runs over iliacus, runs under inguinal ligament

Question 9

Describe the path of the obturator nerve

Answer 9

passes through obturator foramen, arises medially from soas

Question 10

Action of quadratus lumborum

Answer 10

lateral flexion of vertebra column