Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Summarise the contents of the posterior abdominal wall
- 5 lumbar vertebrate and IV discs, - IVC and aorta, - Paravertebral gutters (Muscles and kidneys)
Name the posterior abdominal wall muscles
- Psoas major, - Psoas minor, - Iliacus, - Quadratus Lumborum - (diaphragm)
Name the origins and insertions of Quadratus Lumborum
O - Inferior boarder of 12th rib and the transverse processes of L1-4 vertebrae. I - Iliolumbar ligament and Iliac crest
Describe the action of Quadratus lumborum and its nerve innervation
Action - Pulls down the 12th rib which helps with the descent of the diaphragm in inspiration and lateral flexion. N - T12 to L4
Name the origins and insertions of psoas major
Origins - Transverse processes of lumber vertebrate, bodies of T12-L4 and the IV disks. Insertion - Lesser trochanter
Name the actions and innervation of psoas major
Action - Flexion of the thigh and trunk and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. N - L1 to L3
Name the origin, insertion and innervation of psoas minor
Origins - Bodies of T12 to L1, Insertions - Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence. N - L1
Name the origins, insertions, action and innervation of Iliacus muscle
Origins - Iliac fossa, Iliac crest and anterior sacroiliac ligament. Inserts - Lesser trochanter, Action - Femoral flexion of the thigh, Innervation - Femoral nerve (L2-4)
What is the function of the femoral sheath and what is it continuous with?
It is a continuous with transversalis and iliac fascia. Its function is to separate the space between the inguinal ligament and hip bone into muscular and vascular compartments
What is the function of the muscular and vascular compartments?
Muscular compartment transmits psoas major, iliacus muscles and femoral nerve. Vascular - Transmits femoral vessels
Name the boundaries of the femoral canal
Anterior - Inguinal Ligament, Posterior - pectineus Medial - Lacunar ligament, Lateral - Femoral vein. It is then closed by extraperitoneal tissue
Explain why femoral hernias occur
The femoral ring is a weak area and so is often associated with abnormal protrusion of the abdominal organs into the femoral canal. Femoral hernias are more prone to strangulation than inguinal hernia
Why are femoral hernias more common in women?
Because the in men the inguinal canal is larger due to the spermatic cord and descent of the testies.
What are dermatomes and mytomes?
Dermatome - Strip of skin supplied by specific spinal nerve Myotome - Froup of muscle fibres supplied by a specific spinal nerve
What is the nerve supply of the abdominal wall?
T7 - L1 spinal nerves. They pass between internal oblique and transversus abdominis