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Semester 4 Anatomy > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristic features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Vertebral bodies - large and kidney shaped
Vertebral foramen - triangular in shape
Transverse process - long and slender
Articular process - almost vertical (superior face medially, inferior face laterally)
Spinous process - short and broad

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2
Q

What kind of joint are the zygopophyseal joints?

A

Synovial plane

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3
Q

Where does the ligamentum flavum run?

A

Between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

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4
Q

Where is the lumbrosacral joint?

What ligaments is it strengthened by?

A

Between L5 and S1

Strengthened by the iliolumbar ligaments

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5
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

A

L1

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6
Q

Which structures pass through the opening of the diaphragm at T8?

A

Inferior vena cava

Right phrenic nerve

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7
Q

Which structures pass through the opening of the diaphragm at T10?

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
Oesophageal branches of the left gastric vessels

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8
Q

Which structures pass through the opening of the diaphragm at T12?

A

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein
Sympathetic chains

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9
Q

From which vertebrae do the left and right crus of the diaphragm arise?

A

Right crus: L1-L3

Left crus: L1-L2

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10
Q

What is the median arcuate ligament?

A

A fibrous structure which unites the right and left crura

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11
Q

What is the medial arcuate ligament?

A

Thickening of fascia that covers the psoas major muscle

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12
Q

What is the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

Thickening of the fascia that covers the quadratus lumborum muscle

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13
Q

Which nerves supply’s the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

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14
Q

What is the arterial supply to the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic and pericardocophrenic - branches of internal thoracic
Superior phrenic - branch of thoracic aorta
Inferior phrenic - branch of abdominal aorta

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15
Q

What are the 5 muscles that make up the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Psoas major 
Psoas mino 
Quadratus lumborum 
Iliacus 
Diaphragm
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16
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin - T12-L5
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Action - flexion of thigh at hip
Innervation - anterior rami of L1-L3

17
Q

Psoas minor

A

Origin - T12-L1
Insertion - pectineal line of the pelvic Blum and iliopubic eminence
Action - flexion of lumbar vertebral colum
Innervation - anterior rami of L1

18
Q

What muscle does the thoracolumbar fascia overlie?

A

The quadratus lumborum

19
Q

What are the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Which muscles are enclosed between the layers?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior

Quadratus lumborum - between anterior and middle layers
Deep back muscles - between middle and posterior layers

20
Q

Which two muscles does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia meet laterally?

A

Internal Oblique and transversus abdominis

21
Q

What vertebral levels does the abdominal aorta lie?

A

T12-L4

22
Q

What are the three visceral unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that arise from the ventral plane?

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

23
Q

What are the three paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta that arise from the lateral plane?

A

Suprarenal
Renal
Testicular/Ovarian

24
Q

What are the three paired parietal branches of the abdominal aorta that arise from the posterolateral plane?

A

Inferior Phrenic
Lumbar
Median sacral

25
Q

At what level do the two common iliac veins unite to become the inferior vena cava?

A

L5

26
Q

Which ventral rami form the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

27
Q

What are the 6 main branches of the lumbar plexus?

A 
Iliohypogastric 
Ilioinguinal 
Genitofemoral 
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh 
Obturator 
Femoral
28
Q

Which nerves of the lumbar plexus arise from L1

A

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

29
Q

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus arises from L1-L2

A

Genitofemoral

30
Q

Which nerve roots does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?

A

L2-L3

31
Q

Which nerves come from L2-L4 in the lumbar plexus?

A

Obturator nerve

Femoral nerve

32
Q

Which splanchnic nerve supplies the kidneys and adrenal glands?

A

Least splanchnic nerve

Semester 4 Anatomy (9 decks)

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