Poster Board Questions Flashcards
What is the ecological role of Sponges?
Sponges provided the formation of oxygen in oceans back when photosynthetic algae wasn’t a thing
They also provide:
- shelter for organisms
- nutrients for organisms
- maintain deep-sea diversity
What is the ecological role of Cnidarians?
Cnidarians have symbiotic relationships with other organisms and help balance the food web
How do coral reefs account for biodiversity?
Coral reefs offer shelter and protection for organisms that are dependent off of their structure
They provide biodiversity for their symbiotic relationships, protection, and health benefits it’s taken account for with humans
What are threats to coral reefs?
Coral reefs are threatened by climate change, rising temperatures, ocean acidification, coral bleaching, human activities, and invasive species such as sea urchins
what ecosystems do coral reefs provide?
Coral reefs provide nutrient and protection driven shelters for organisms across the entire sea
They also provide for our ecosystem above ground by revolving around medical uses
How and when we the Great Barrier Reef formed?
The great barrier reef was form in between 6,000-20,000 years ago
It was formed by rising sea-level waters and a flood that covered a coastal plain
What is a coral reef?
A coral reef is an Anthozoan, apart of the Phylum Cnidaria
It’s a colony of polyps that are secreted by calcium carbonate that form into 4 different types of coral reefs: barrier, fringe, atoll, patch
How did sponges survive Snowball Earth?
Sponges were able to survive Snowball earth due to their high tolerance to low oxygen and extreme weather conditions.
How did sponges help increase oxygen in oceans? What were the consequences to this outcome?
Sponges were able to provide oxygen by absorbing photosynthetic algae that in return filtered out from their osculum, into the sea where organisms started to form.
The consequences were that there wasn’t enough nutrients to go around for the new creatures in the environments so it was a survival battle between all organisms for a while
What is the life cycle of Taenia Saginata and T. Solium
- the eggs in feces are passed into the environment
- cows or pigs ingest the eggs through their food
- the larval form (oncospheres) hatch and penetrate the intestines of the animal and continue to develop
- the meat of the animal is raw or uncooked and the human digests the meat where the adult form of the tapeworm attaches to the small intestine
- the adults produces proglottids that have eggs within them and they release from the tapeworm to be passed in the stool.
Describe the circulation, gas exchange, and osmoregulation of parasitic Platyhelminthes
Circulation: they lack a circulatory system, but they absorb through their body wall
Gas exchange: diffuse oxygen through their skin
osmoregulation: controlled by flame cells within the protonephridia
Describe circulation, gas exchange, and osmoregulation in free-living Platyhelminthes
Circulation: diffusion occurs through the mesenchyme
Gas exchange: lack of gas exchange structures
Osmoregulation: water goes through the protonephridia and flame cells (lacks mouth and anus)
Describe the epidemiology of Schistocephalus Solidus
- have no effect on humans
- effects fish that eat them, will also affect birds that eat the fish with the parasite
- manipulates the fish host to jump on land by protein secretions
Describe the life cycle of Fasciola
- eggs grow in water
- the eggs hatch and penetrate a snail
- the host creates free-swimming cercariae that live on vegetation
- vegetation gets ingested
- the flutes penetrate the intestine walls in the animal
- humans digest and release more eggs from stool
Describe Fasciola epidemiology
- source from eating raw or contaminated water plants/drinking contaminated water
- avoid drinking bad water
- causes fever, rash, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain
