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History > Post WWII and Cold War > Flashcards

Post WWII and Cold War Flashcards

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0
Q

Yalta Conference

A

meeting of the Allies to determine the future of post war Europe folowing the defeat of Germany. Some people believe that a sick Roosevelt gave in to Stalin’s demands to control the liberated nations of Eastern Europe.

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1
Q

Cold War

A

the period of intense political and military rivalry between the United States and Rusia— Capitalism and communism, Democrazy and dictatorship that existed between 1945 and 1991. The two nations avoided direct conflict between their forces.

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2
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Truman did not reveal the existence of the atomic bomb to stalin, although he clearly knew of the efforts to build the weapon.

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3
Q

satellite nations

A

nations especially in Eastern Europe, whose policies and governments were controlled by Russia. These included Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and East Germany

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4
Q

Iron Curtain

A

The Russians cutting the nations of Eastern Europe from all contact/ information with the west

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5
Q

Marshall Plan

A

US aid of well over 13 billion dollars in 4 years to help rebuild Europe’s economies and restore faith in capitalism

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6
Q

containment

A

US would aid any country threatened by communist takeover

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7
Q

appeasement

A

want to maintain peace

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8
Q

NATO

A

a military alliance of the Western powers to resist the spread of communism

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9
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

russia formed this with its satellites as a balance

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10
Q

West Berlin

A

To pressure the West the Russians and East Germans closed access to West Berline attempting to starve it of vital supplies and force its submission.

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11
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

US flying vital fuel and food into West Berlin over a communist blockade

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12
Q

arms race

A

competition between the United States and Soviet Union to create more powerful armed forces and weapons especially nuclear bombs

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13
Q

Nationalist Government in china

A

government of chiange kai-shek ( chinese nationalist leader supported by US, defeated by chinese communists and forced to flee to taiwan

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14
Q

Mao Zedong

A

leader of chinese communists rules china from 1948-1976

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15
Q

Taiwan

A

island to which Chinese Nationalists fled following communist takeover; recognized for many years as “china” by the US; still protected by US

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16
Q

Red China

A

chinese communists

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17
Q

North Korea

A

communist controlled half of Korean Peninsula

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18
Q

South Korea

A

American supported, non-communist country

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19
Q

Kim Il-Sung

A

leader of North Korea who established a dictatorship that has passed through his family. Kim Johng-un is his grandson

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20
Q

Mahatma Gandhi

A

Indian independence leader known for his advocacy of non-violence

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21
Q

India and Pakistan

A

When Great Britain realized they could no longer keep up their enormous colonial empire they agreed to independence for India but the ethnic difference between the muslims and hindus caused the partition of the subcontinent

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22
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

led the communist movement in vietname and fought both the French and the Japanese.

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23
Q

Dien Bien Phu

A

the french and their supporters suffered a major defeat in this battle agains the vietnamese communist party

24
Q

North Viet Nam

A

became a communist state under Ho Chi Minh

25
Q

South Viet Nam

A

supported by Western Powers

26
Q

Viet Cong

A

communist rebellion in the south supported from the north broke out and these communist insurgents were known as the viet cong

27
Q

Berlin Wall

A

a barrier patrolled by guards to prevent movement between east and west

28
Q

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

A

banning the above ground testing of atomic weapons

29
Q

Nuclear Non- proliferation Treaty

A

promise by more than 190 countries not to develop or acquire nuclear weapons

30
Q

non-aligned nation

A

india announced itself as this meaning that it supported neither the United States nor the Soviet Union

31
Q

President Richard Nixon

A

opened relations with Red China.

32
Q

South Africa

A

became an outcast because of apartheid

33
Q

apartheid

A

policy of strict racial segregation of non-European races that maintainted white political and economic dominance. Laws were enforced by harsh punishment

34
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

led the opposition to end the apartheid. In 190 the apartheid laws began to be repealed, in 1994 mandela won free elections to become the first African President of South Africa.

35
Q

Iran

A

the United States suffered a major setback here because they had long supported the sha but protests began against the shah

36
Q

Shah

A

ruled iran as an autocratic monarch, his government was corrupt but it permitted western ifluences and followed a pro american policies.

37
Q

Ayatollah Khomeni

A

the leading moslem cleric that lead the protests against the shah

38
Q

Theocracy

A

government controlled by the clergy who claimed god’s authority (what Iran became after the shah fled

39
Q

Taliban

A

afghan political group that believes in strict enforcement of moslem law

40
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

Political leader of Russia during part of the Cold War. Eventually withdraws from communist forces in Afghanistan

41
Q

glasnost

A

increased freedoms for soviet citizens, including greater freedom of speech

42
Q

perestroika

A

Gorbachev’s attempt to reform Russian communism, including some levels of private ownership to improve the economy

43
Q

globilization

A

a process of wordwide integration in which cultural trends, political view, products, and goods are exchanged rapidly

44
Q

China

A

emerged as a powerful economic power because they started permitting some elements of capitalism within a communist political structure, which resulted in massive growth.

45
Q

Zionism

A

desire for a Jewish homeland

46
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

English Foreign Secretary in 1917 wrote a private letter that supported establishment of a Jewish state so long as the rights of non-jewish residents were protected

47
Q

UN Partition Plan

A

proposed the boundaries of Jewish and Palestinian states. one for jews and the other for palestinians, but the plan didnt recognize both the jews and palestinians interests and caused a civil war.

48
Q

Jerusalem

A

a holy city to Jews, christians and muslims

49
Q

Six Day War and Yom Kippur War

A

Israelis and Arab states fought these wars and all ended in israeli victories and additions to the territories controlled by israel most totably jerusalem.

50
Q

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

A

Palestinians formed the PLO which endorsed the use of terrorism.

51
Q

terrorism

A

the use of violence including attacks on civilians to achieve a political end. This is not a universally accepted definition, none exists

52
Q

Limited war

A

a war conducted with less than a nation’s total resources and restricted in aim to less than total defeat of the enemy; a war restricted to a relatively small area of the world and involving few warring nations.

53
Q

domino theory

A

the belief that if one nation fell to communism its neighbors would quickly follow

54
Q

Tet offensive

A

Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops infiltrated deep into the south and seized major cities before being driven back

55
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

authorized the president to employ american military power in southest asia without a formal declaration of war.

56
Q

Fidel Castro

A

overthrew a dictatorship that had been supported by american businessmen and after taking power castro showed his communist sympathies and nationalized (took as government properties) properties previously owned by americans.

57
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

Cuban refugees aided by the CIA attempted to invade Cuba but were completely defeated and captured.

58
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

The russians began to secretly transport missiles to bases being constructed on the island. when these were detected by the american military the cuban missile crisis began

History (4 decks)

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