Post-war Consensus

Question 1

What was the post-war consensus?

Answer 1

Period in British politics from late 40s to late 70s where broad agreement between the major political parties on key economic, social and foreign policies

Question 2

Why did the post-war consensus emerge?

Answer 2

1) Legacy of the war- shared sacrifices during WWII led to widespread support for policies that would improve social conditions

2) Economic Challenges-post war debt and need to rebuild infrastructure, which required government intervention

3) Shared values- belief in collectivism and government responsibility for welfare and economic management widely accepted

Question 3

What were the key features of the post-war consensus?

Answer 3

1. Welfare state-both parties supported implementation of the Beveridge Report (1942). Including the creation of the NHS (1948), as well as reforms in education, housing and social security
   2.Mixed Economy-balance between private enterprise and government intervention. Labour nationalised coal, steel and railway industries in 40s and the Conservatives didn’t reverse
   3.Full Employment-maintain low unemployment through Keynesian economic policies (inc government spending to stimulate demand)
2. Industrial Relations-cooperation between government, trade unions and employers to ensure industrial peace and growth
3. Commitment to national defence and international alliances - Cold War role, NATO membership and maintenance of nuclear deterrent + same approach to decolonisation
4. Commitment to Social equality- progressive taxation, welfare reforms, education policies (creation of secondary schools)

Question 4

Why did the post-war consensus end?

Answer 4

1. Economic Decline
   Stagflation (high inflation and unemployment), particularly during Winter of Discontent (1978/9), devaluation undermined confidence in Keynesian economics
2. Rise of Thatcherism
   A shift towards free market policies, privatisation, reduced state intervention (conservatives shift to free market policies)

Question 5

Was the post-war consensus successful?

Answer 5

Period of political stability and sensible practical governance but some argue it was ineffective in addressing long-term economic and social challenges