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Post. Seg 2 > Post Seg 1 review > Flashcards

Post Seg 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the #1 reason for visual loss in a diabetic?

A

CSME

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2
Q

What are the 2 treatments for CSME?

A
  • Grid/Focal Laser Therapy

- Anti-VEGF

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of CRVO? What’s the % of each?

A

Ischemic – 80%

Non-ischemic – 20%

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4
Q

What is an anomalous PVD?

A

When synchesis (liquefaction) and syneresis (separation) do not occur simultaneously

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5
Q

What is secreted by the ciliary body to help prevent oxidation ?

A

Ascorbate (Vitamin C)

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6
Q

Describe 4-2-1 rule

A

4 quadrants of 20 MA
2 quadrants of venous beading
1 quadrant of IRMA

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7
Q

In HTN, what is in grade 4?

A

Disc swelling
CWS
Exudates
Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

In CRAO why do you get a cherry red spot?

A

supplied by choriocapillaris

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9
Q

In CRAO, where is the site of occlusion?

A

where the CRA pierces the ON about 10 mm from lamina cribrosa

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10
Q

What is the definition of a retinal detachment?

A

When the 9th layer separates from the 10th layer (RPE)

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11
Q

What are the 2 main categories of macular degeneration?

A

Wet and Dry AMD

- Wet = Central Geographic Atrophy with or without bleeding

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12
Q

What is the treatment for geographic atrophy?

A

Monitor, patient education

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13
Q

With an artery occlusion, what 3 things can cause it systemically?

A
  • ## HypertensionHypercoagulable/ Hyperviscosity (thick blood) state
  • Hypercholesterolemia
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14
Q

What is the definition of AIDS?

A

CD4 count less than 200

Presence of an opportunistic infection

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15
Q

What is the disease associated with a CD4 count that is low, starts in posterior pole and works toward periphery?

A

Cytomegalovirus

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16
Q

What are the 4 things that make up the macula?

A

Foveola
Fovea
Perafovea
Perifovea

17
Q

Tell me what defines proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

Neovascularization
Fibrotic tissue
Vitreous heme
Rhegamatogenous/Traction RD

18
Q

What is the definition of severe visual loss pertaining to diabetic retinopathy

A

20/800 or 5/200

19
Q

What is the definition of moderate vision loss in DR?

A

Doubling of the visual angle

20
Q

What is the treatment of macular edema in a CRVO?

A

VEGF and Grid laser surgery

21
Q

What are the ways to treat a rhegamatogenous RD?

A
  • Scleral Buckle
  • Vitrectomy with gas bubble and seal break with laser/cryo
  • Pneumatic Retinoplexy and seal break with laser
22
Q

What type of virus is HIV? What 3 things does it contain?

A
  • Retrovirus

- Reverse Transcripitase, Integrase, Protease

23
Q

What drains blood from the choroid?

A

Vortex Veins

24
Q

What are the proper classifications defining the vitreous base?

A

Intrabasilar
Juxtabasilar
Extrabasilar

25
Q

What are the definitions of CSME?

A

FIX:
Retinal thickening within 500 microns
Hard exudates within 1/3
With adjacent CSME

26
Q

Does aspirin or an NSAID cause bleeding to occur in DM patient?

A

No

27
Q

If a patient has dry intermediate AMD, what treatment would you recommend for them?

A

AREDS 2

28
Q

What are the 2 macular pigments that help with oxidation?

A

Lutein and Zeaxanthin

29
Q

Name the 2 genetic profiles that increases the risk of AMD?

A

ARMS2

CFH

30
Q

What is pre-DM based on hemoglobin A1C?

A

5.7-6.4

31
Q

What are 3 receptors on the basal side of the RPE?

A

Glucose
Vitamin A
Omega 3’s

32
Q

What are the 2 main pigments in the RPE?

A

Lipofuscin – aging pigment

Melanin

33
Q

What are the 2 main components of the photoreceptor?

A
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids

- Vitamin A

34
Q

What keeps the 9 layers attached to the 10th?

A

Vitreous

Sodium Pumps

35
Q

What is the glue that’s found in between layers 9 and 10 called

A

Inner Photoreceptor matrix/binding protein (IPBP)

36
Q

How big is the fovea avascular zone?

A

500 um, 1/3 of the ONH

37
Q

What % of patients have lattice degeneration?

A

10%

Post. Seg 2 (4 decks)

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