Post Seg 1 review Flashcards
What is the #1 reason for visual loss in a diabetic?
CSME
What are the 2 treatments for CSME?
- Grid/Focal Laser Therapy
- Anti-VEGF
What are the 2 types of CRVO? What’s the % of each?
Ischemic – 80%
Non-ischemic – 20%
What is an anomalous PVD?
When synchesis (liquefaction) and syneresis (separation) do not occur simultaneously
What is secreted by the ciliary body to help prevent oxidation ?
Ascorbate (Vitamin C)
Describe 4-2-1 rule
4 quadrants of 20 MA
2 quadrants of venous beading
1 quadrant of IRMA
In HTN, what is in grade 4?
Disc swelling
CWS
Exudates
Vasoconstriction
In CRAO why do you get a cherry red spot?
supplied by choriocapillaris
In CRAO, where is the site of occlusion?
where the CRA pierces the ON about 10 mm from lamina cribrosa
What is the definition of a retinal detachment?
When the 9th layer separates from the 10th layer (RPE)
What are the 2 main categories of macular degeneration?
Wet and Dry AMD
- Wet = Central Geographic Atrophy with or without bleeding
What is the treatment for geographic atrophy?
Monitor, patient education
With an artery occlusion, what 3 things can cause it systemically?
- ## HypertensionHypercoagulable/ Hyperviscosity (thick blood) state
- Hypercholesterolemia
What is the definition of AIDS?
CD4 count less than 200
Presence of an opportunistic infection
What is the disease associated with a CD4 count that is low, starts in posterior pole and works toward periphery?
Cytomegalovirus
What are the 4 things that make up the macula?
Foveola
Fovea
Perafovea
Perifovea
Tell me what defines proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Neovascularization
Fibrotic tissue
Vitreous heme
Rhegamatogenous/Traction RD
What is the definition of severe visual loss pertaining to diabetic retinopathy
20/800 or 5/200
What is the definition of moderate vision loss in DR?
Doubling of the visual angle
What is the treatment of macular edema in a CRVO?
VEGF and Grid laser surgery
What are the ways to treat a rhegamatogenous RD?
- Scleral Buckle
- Vitrectomy with gas bubble and seal break with laser/cryo
- Pneumatic Retinoplexy and seal break with laser
What type of virus is HIV? What 3 things does it contain?
- Retrovirus
- Reverse Transcripitase, Integrase, Protease
What drains blood from the choroid?
Vortex Veins
What are the proper classifications defining the vitreous base?
Intrabasilar
Juxtabasilar
Extrabasilar
What are the definitions of CSME?
FIX:
Retinal thickening within 500 microns
Hard exudates within 1/3
With adjacent CSME
Does aspirin or an NSAID cause bleeding to occur in DM patient?
No
If a patient has dry intermediate AMD, what treatment would you recommend for them?
AREDS 2
What are the 2 macular pigments that help with oxidation?
Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Name the 2 genetic profiles that increases the risk of AMD?
ARMS2
CFH
What is pre-DM based on hemoglobin A1C?
5.7-6.4
What are 3 receptors on the basal side of the RPE?
Glucose
Vitamin A
Omega 3’s
What are the 2 main pigments in the RPE?
Lipofuscin – aging pigment
Melanin
What are the 2 main components of the photoreceptor?
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Vitamin A
What keeps the 9 layers attached to the 10th?
Vitreous
Sodium Pumps
What is the glue that’s found in between layers 9 and 10 called
Inner Photoreceptor matrix/binding protein (IPBP)
How big is the fovea avascular zone?
500 um, 1/3 of the ONH
What % of patients have lattice degeneration?
10%
