Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCP > Post Mock > Flashcards

Post Mock Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperparathyroidism in CKD?

A

Part of Vitamin D dysfunction
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism from low Ca due to CKD
Treat this with Alfacaldiol

X ray shows destruction due to Calcium Resorbtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bowel Cancer with Liver Met?

A

Surgical resection

Don’t biopsy the liver lesion as can cause spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Watery Diarrhoea in Immunocomprimised? Cysts on Acid Fast Staining?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum
Transient in healthy but can be very severe if immunocomprimised
Acid Fast Staining on Faeces shows Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cresenteric Glomerulonephritis

A

Rapid Deterioration
Nephritic Syndrome
Caused by Good Pastures and ANCA positive Vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Livedo Reticularis and PE/DVT in Woman

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome
Could be SLE as well with Antiphospholipid syndrome
If ANA positive then think SLE
Complement normal - not SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IgG only rasied and no CRAB present?

A

MGUS`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What classes someone taking steroids as immuno comprimised?

A

40mg of Pred for 7 days

20mg of Pred for 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anti Cardiolipin IgM / igG Antibodies

A

Seen in Antiphospholipid syndrome

These are raised in 10 % of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

A

Treat with Steroids - Oral Pred

Classically around the stoma site in Crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothyroidism effect on Muscles

A

Can be a cause of Muscle Weakness and Tenderness
Mildly raised CK (1000)
Causes a macrocytic anaemia
Anti Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PAF and Heart Pauses?

A

PAF has to be AF for over 30 seconds to be significant

Heart Pauses have to be over 3 seconds to be significant without symptoms
If less but symptomatic then still needs pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hepatitis B vs Hepatitis C transmission risk factors?

A

Hep B = Homosexual

Hep C = IVDU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cryptogenic organising pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveoli and Bronchioles

Basically leads to pneumonia just from inflammation without infection
Seen in RA, but also secondary to drugs like
Amiodarone
Nitrofuarntoin
Bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Keratoderma Blenorrhagica

A

Seen in Reiters syndrome

Bottom of the feet get scaley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diabetic Amyotrophy

A

Painful
Proximal
Diabetic Neuropathy
With Weakness at Pelvis

Painful Proximal Pelvis Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Small vessel Vasculitis

A

Vasculitis
Fever, Joint pain, Weight loss, Rash, Raised inflammatory markers

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis
Granuloma formation after vasculitis in the upper airway, lower airway and kidney
Causes sinusitis, epistaxis, haematuria, haemoptysis, saddel nose
cANCA positive

Microscopic polyangitis
Like GPA without Sinusitis / Upper Airway
this is pANCA positive

Churg Straus
Like GPA but + some other symptoms
Gut, Lung and Heart involvement
pANCA positive
Eosinophilia high
Has a asthmatic/Allergic phase at the start
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

facioscapulohumeral

A

facioscapulohumeral is symmetrical – facial and biceps weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spinal muscular atrophy

A

spinal muscular atrophy – distal wasting and weakness, e.g. in the hands;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spinobulbar muscular atrophy

A

spinobulbar muscular atrophy – bulbar weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anti PR3 = ?

A

c Anca Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anti MPO=?

A

p Anca Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Psoriasis Triggers?

A

alcohol
Trauma
Beta Blockers
Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mitral Regurgitation Acutely?

A

Severe MR causes Left Heart failure

  • Oedema
  • SOB
  • Distended Neck Veins
Chest pain
Usually caused by MI causing:
chordal rupture
flail leaflet
papillary muscle rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rupture of Valsalva

A

Valsalva anyeurysm is by the aortic valve
Can get anyeurysms that are then asymptomatic mainly
Can impact on the coronary artery supply

If they rupture, get chest pain and heart failure
Usually a young person
Then get a constant murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anti ENA?

A

Sjogren’s

26
Q

pANCA positive?

A

Churg Strauss
Microscopic polyangitis
Cresenteric Glomerulonephritis

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Other Causes:
UC > Crohn’s IBD
RA, SLE and Sjogren’s
Autoimmune Hepatitis

27
Q

Pacemaker Syndrome

A

Associated with Single chamber pacemakers

People feel worse after pacemaker due to loss of synchrony
There is signs of Heart failure

28
Q

Phenytoin Toxicity?

A

Causes Ataxia essentially

29
Q

Glomus tumour of the Ear?

A 
Slow Growing
Affecting Cranial nerve 9 mainly
- Speech, Swallowing, Tounge, Palate 
- Conductive Hearing Loss
Very Vascular
30
Q

Cholesteatoma?

A

Hearing Loss
Recurrent infections
Balance problems
Surgical removal needed

31
Q

Red Cell Casts?

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis
SLE
Post Strep Glomerulonephtiritis
Good Pastures Syndrome

32
Q

White Cell Casts?

A

Interstitial Nephritis

Pyelonephritis

33
Q

Psuedo Cushings

A

Essentially Cushings with milder symptoms
No striae, no myopathy
You then find that the suppression test leads to cortisol suppression on low dose
Mildly raised Urinary Cortisol (should be 3 x in true Cushings)

34
Q

Membranous Nephropathy

SPIKE DOME

A

Commonest Glomerulonephritis in Adults

Primary or Secondary
Presents as nephrotic syndrome and can cause end stagr renal failure

Primary:
Antiphospholipase A2 Antibodies

Seondary
Infection: Heb B, Malaria
Ca: Lung, Leukaemia and Lymphoma
Drugs: Gold, Penicillamine
Autoimmune: SLE, RA

ACEi for Proteinuria

Doesn’t respond to steroids

Immunosuppressant
1/3 resolve
1/3 continued proteinurea
1/3 ESRF

35
Q

Minimal Change

Fusion of the Podocytes

A

Nearly always Nephrotic (75% of all nephrotic syndrome in children)

Idiopathic 80%
Hodkins lymphoma
NSAIDS
EBV

Normotension Nephrotic syndrome with intermediate sized proteinurea

1/3 1 episode
1/3 infrequent
1/3 Relapsing Chronic

RESPONDS WELL TO STEROIDS

36
Q

Brugada Syndrome ECG

A

V1 V2 ST Elevation
RBBB
Relieved by Flecanide

Autosomal dominant cause of sudden cardiac death due to Ventricular Arrythmias

37
Q

ASD CXR changes?

A

Small Aortic Knuckle
L heart border straighter
Due to reduced L outflow from L–> R Shunt
Prominant pulmonary vessels

38
Q

Dextra Cardia ECG

A

Small Volume Chest Lead QRS - this means not just user error

AVR is Positive
AVL and 1 is Negative

Chest leads will show opposite progression too

39
Q

HOCM ECHO and ECG

A

MR - Mitral Regurg
SAM - Systolic Anterior Motion of ant mitral valve
ASH - A Symetrical Hypertrophy

ECG
LVH +++
Progressive T Wave inversion in Chest Leads
Deep Q Waves

Family History
Exertional dypnoea, syncope
Ejection systolic Murmur

40
Q

Pemphigoid Vulgaris

A

IgG type 2 sensitivity (autoantibodies) against Desmoglein 3

Ulcers
Nikoslky positive skin ulcerations

Treatment with steroids
Immunoflurecence on biopsy

41
Q

Macroprolactinoma Treatment?

A

Bromocriptine or Dopamine Agonists

Then Surgery

If Prolactin is 2-3 x usual then this is due to compression rather than secretion

42
Q

Azothioprine

A 
Causes LFT derrangement
Check TPMT levels first 
Bone Marrow Suppression
N+V
Pancreatitis
Non melanoma Skin Cancer increased
SAFE IN PREGNANCY
43
Q

Psuedodementia?

A

Depression

44
Q

Dressings?

A

Antibacterial and silver-impregnated dressings are indicated only when there are signs of local infection

Hydrocolloid- Advanced ulcers where trying to maintain tissue and need to pack the wound

Alginate - exudative wounds

45
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Overproduction of red blood cells
Due to JAK 2 mutation (like in myelofibrosis)

Leads to Increased Haematocrit
Itching on heat
Thrombosis risk

Then can progress to spent phase- essentially fibrosis of BM - ie Myelofibrosis and marrow failure

Treatment: Hydroxyurea (like in essential thrombocytopenia)
Rituxolitinib - stops itching (JAK 2 inhibitor)
Aspirin
Antihistamines
Phlebotomy

46
Q

Treatment of HIT

A

argatroban or danaparoid

47
Q

HIT cause

A

HIT is caused by the development of IgG antibodies directed against a complex of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin

48
Q

CLL

A

Don’t treat if asymptomatic

Indcations:
B symptoms
Marrow failure on Bloods - anaemia etc
Organomegaly/lymphadenopathy

49
Q

CLL Treatment

A

anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (e.g. obinutuzumab),
chlorambucil
bendamustine

TP53 Mutation - Ibrutinib

50
Q

High Protein CSF?

A

TB

Strep Pnuemonia

51
Q

Previous Ear ache and Meningitis

A

Strep Pneumonia

52
Q

Listeria CSF changes

A

Causes meningitis in elderly, immunocomprimised and neonates.
Has Lymphocytic changes

53
Q

Radial Nerve Weakness>

A

Wrist Drop

54
Q

Axillary Nerve Weakness

A

deltoid weakness and outer arm sensation loss

55
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Ptosis
Diplopia
Bulbar Symptoms
Respiratory Weakness

Edrophonium chloride test positive
Anti Choline Receptor Antibodies / Other Antibodies in only 80% of disease

Associated with Thymoma 15% or Thymic Hyperplasia (70%)

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors - pyridostigmine

Plasmapheresis
Immunosuppression

56
Q

Tensilon / Edrophonium

A

Test for Myasthenia Gravis

57
Q

Miller Fisher Syndrom

A

Opthalmaplegia
Ataxia
Areflexia

58
Q

Cluster Headache Treatment?

A

Acute:
Oxygen
Triptan

Prophylaxis:
Verpamil

59
Q

Migraine Treatment

A

Oral Tryptan
NSAIDs
Paracetamol

Prevention with
Propranolol
Tryptan

60
Q

Treatment of Advance prostate Ca?

A

Use of Hormone replacement
Usually Goserelin
This is LHRH agonist

This causes worsening of symptoms firstly in first few weeks as tumour grows due to increased LH and increased Testosterone

However, after a few weeks the receptors are down regulated that causes LH and FSH production to stop

Bicalutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) are used to reduce this TUMOUR FLARE in the first couple of Weeks

61
Q

Sjogren’s Antibodies

A

Anti Ro
Anti La
Anti ENA

62
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Adrogen Antagonist

given with zoladex or goserelin- LH agonist

MRCP (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions