Post-Midterm Info Flashcards
listing is derived from ____ and requires a _______
spinographic analysis
frame of reference
listing system considerations are:
anatomical _______
____ picture of dynamic entity
____ positioning
anatomical variability
static picture of dynamic entity
proper positioning
palmer-gonstead system compares to segment _____
below
palmer upper cervical specific compares to _____
foramen magnum
preferred SCP (segmental contact point)
spinous process
global/multi-segmental wedging can imply ___ or ____
scoliosis
lateral curvature
segmental wedging implies _____ wedging
stand alone wedging
always adjust side of ____ ; or ____ wedge
convexity
open
if T4 is decreased P-A ext, spinous laterality R; has NO wedge relative to T5, but a LEFT global curve is noted in spine above — listing would be:
PR-T
x-rays insightful for (2) components of VSC
kinesiopathology
histopathology
x-rays insightful for (2) PART components
A- asymmetry/misalignment
R- ROM
lateral view in cervicals can tell you which findings:
occiput - PS or AS
C1: AS or AI
C2- C7: P
FML and APL lines diverging indicate what misalignment
occiput PS
APL and OPL line diverging indicate what misalignment
C1 AS
APOM view can tell what findings:
occiput: wedging and rotation
C1: laterality and rotation
C2: rotation and wedging
TCL and TAL diverging lines on right side indicated which finding
occiput RS (Ex. PS-RS)
wider atlas lateral mass indicates side is
anterior
TAL and AxPL diverge to R indicates:
R atlas laterality ex. asRA
distance of C2 laminar jxn to it’s own lateral border is shorter on side where _____ is fixed
spinous
comparison of AxPL to C3 BB reveals ______ at ____ level
wedging at C2 level
posteriority is established by visualization in (3) ways (thoracic and lumbar)
atypical disc wedging (A or P)
stacking of continuous segments (loss of curve)
degenerative changes seen on endplate or disc
larger pedicle shadow on A-P x-ray indicates _____: ex. larger pedicure on R, spinous has gone ___
that spinous is misaligned to OPPOSITE side;
left
___ listing in Pelvic Analysis will have a wider ilium
IN
SCL always passes through pubic bone on the ____ side
EX
larger height on pelvic analysis is ____ side
PI
main rationale for taking x-rays
pain or neurologic symptoms
spinal trauma (falls, pain, fractures)
alignment abnormalities/abnormal curve/scoliosis (cobb angle)
arthropathy (something wrong in joint complex)
spine instability or limitation of motion
osteoporosis
chiropractic x-rays are taken _____, but analyzed _____ aka ___ or ____ views; analysis is referred to as _____
A-P
P-A
functional or surgical view
spinography
advantages of x-rays
correlate postural distortions correlate palpation findings identify pathologies facilitate safer/conscientious care qualify and quantify misalignment more specific adjusting (LOC)
disadvantages of x-rays
static pic of dynamic spine limited sensitivity to pathologies exposure risk financial start-up costs maintenance portability
PS occiput indicates that _____ has misaligned POSTERIORLY and SUPERIORLY in the ______ articulation
occipital condyle
atlanto-occipital
2nd component for occiput listing is ______ and _____ ; ex. PS-RS, PS-LS, AS-RS, AS-LS
laterality and superiority
3rd component for occiput listing is side of ______; ex. PS-RS- RP, PS-RS-RA, etc.
laterality
atlas listing: ___ or ____ indicates that ANTERIOR TUBERCLE has misaligned superior or inferior
AS or AI
2nd component of atlas indicates the ______ has gone R or L; ex. ASR, AIR
laterality
3rd component of atlas indicates _____ on side of laterality, ex. ASRA
rotation
technique developed by HENRI GILLET, practitioner’s hands are used to fell motion of SPECIFIC segments of spine while patient MOVES. Purpose is evaluation of DYNAMIC movement of extravertebral and vertebral JOINTS to assess DYSFUNCTION between JOINTS
motion palpation
advantages of motion palpation
widely used across chiro NOT specific to one technique good reliability with protocol and experience provides quality kinematic info can be augmented for ALL populations correlated to listings on x-ray
disadvantages of motion palpation
unreliable when used as STAND ALONE tool
poor reliability WITHOUT protocol and experience
acute presentations can interfere with outcomes
requires patient to be interactive
has become “major indicator” to many practioners
motion palpation is insightful for what parts of VSC
kinesiopathology
motion palpation is insightful for what PART
P - pain and tenderness
A - asymmetry/misalignment
R - range of motion
extension in lumbars is called
excursion
