post midterm 2 (FINAL)

Question 1

Mesopotamia is the home of the earliest civilizations. What was the first urban civilization?

Answer 1

-Sumerians

Question 2

What were the periods of mesopotamia

Answer 2

-Ubaid period (5000-4000BC)
-Uruk period (4000-3200BC)
-Early dynastic (3200-2350BC)

Question 3

What was the earliest period of ancient Egypt

Answer 3

-The early dynastic (Neolithic)

Question 4

Who ruled Ur, Mesopotamia?

Answer 4

A woman named Pu-Abi.

Question 5

What was the oldest city in Mesopotamia

Answer 5

-Uruk is the oldest known city in the world.

Question 6

What was the Egyptians record keeping method and what was the Rosetta stone.

Answer 6

-The Egyptians kept their records using hieroglyphs.
-The Rosetta stone was a large stone with written languages carved into the stone including: Greek, Hieroglyphic and Demotic.

Question 7

Monumental architecture at Egypt- Who was the first pharaoh and what was his pyramids name?

Answer 7

-Djoser’s Pyramid

Question 8

Who was buried in the great pyramid at Giza?

Answer 8

-Khufu

Question 9

What is the difference in burials between the old kingdom and the new kingdom of Egypt. What is one example?

Answer 9

Instead of the rulers (pharaohs) being buried inside of monumental architecture, they are now being buried in secret due to the pyramids being grave robbed.
- One example is Tutankhamen’s grave.

Question 10

Early Chinese civilization- the Chinese term for stamped or pounded and compacted earth to make structures.

Answer 10

-Hang T’u

Question 11

The first historic urban civilization in northern China

Answer 11

-Shang Dynasty

Question 12

The Shang are famous for…

Answer 12

-Bronze work

Question 13

The dynasties of China

Answer 13

-Shang dynasty (1600-1046BC)
-Zhou dynasty (1046-256BC)
-Qin dynasty (221-206BC)

Question 14

Terracotta army was in which dynasty?

Answer 14

-Qin dynasty (221-206BC)

Question 15

Considered China’s first emperor

Answer 15

-Qin Shihuang

Question 16

Indus Valley (Harrapan) civilization date:

Answer 16

about 4500-4000 years ago

Question 17

Record keeping in the Indus, how did they keep records

Answer 17

-The Indus stamp: It became widespread by 4,400 years ago.

-The Indus script has not yet been deciphered

Question 18

How was Mohenjo-daro (Indus civilization) built

Answer 18

-Mohenjo-daro was bulit off of a grid pattern.

Question 19

The story behind Priest king sculpture

Answer 19

The priest-king sculpture was the only evidence of a leader of the Indus civilization.

Question 20

The Olmec civilization’s regal ritual include:

Answer 20

-La Venta (Mexico) - 1400 to 600 BC
-San Lorenzo (Mexico) - 1400 to 900 BC
-The settlements demonstrate the movement towards complexity.

Question 21

A popular monumental structure from the Olmecs

Answer 21

Monumental Olmec Heads (Colossal Heads)

-images of human heads carved from huge blocks of stone
-measure between 1.47 m to 3.4 m tall and weigh up to 40 tonnes
-may represent portraits of Olmec rulers.

Question 22

Who was the Maya civilization, when did they dominate their region, and what region is it?

Answer 22

-A Mesoamerican civilization centred in Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and eastern Mexico, especially the Yucatán Peninsula

-The Maya culture dominated this region for 1,500 years.

-The Maya civilization flourished during the Classic period (AD 250 to 1000).

Question 23

2 cities in the Maya period and region

Answer 23

-Palenque, Mexico
-Tikal, northern Guatemala

Question 24

Maya record keeping

Answer 24

-Maya hieroglyphic script called CODECIES.

Question 25

Maya calendar script

Answer 25

-The Maya developed calendar systems based on astronomical observations.

Question 26

Teotihuacan civilization date, location and architecture.

Answer 26

-Teotihuacán is a city-state in central Mexico.

-It flourished between 100 BC and AD 650.
Its population is estimated between 100,000 and 200,000 people.

-The city covers an area of 20 km2.
A 5 km long street called the Avenue of the Dead divides the city.

-The San Juan River was altered to conform to the city’s grid.

-Architecture includes temples, marketplaces, craft workshops, and apartment complexes.

-Two sacred structures include the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon.

Question 27

Aztec civilization date, location and architecture.

Answer 27

-The Aztec dominated central Mexico from AD 1350 until the arrival of the Spanish in 1519.

-The Aztec constructed Chinampas - raised agricultural beds built in lakes and swamps
Chinampas increased the amount of land available for growing crops.

-Tenochtitlán was the Aztec capital city.
By the 15th century, its population was 150,000 to 200,000 people.

-This was the largest city in the Americas when the Spanish arrived in 1519.

-Tenochtitlán was built on an island in Lake Texcoco and was connected to the mainland by causeways.

Question 28

Identify the defining characteristics of civilizations

Answer 28

-Food surplus
-Large, dense populations
-Social stratification
-Formal government
-Labor specialization
-A system of record keeping
-Monumental works

Question 29

Caral and Chavin sites: date and location

Answer 29

5000-3000 years ago found in Peru

Question 30

3 pre-inca civilizations

Answer 30

-Nazca
-Moche
-Chimu

Question 31

what were the Nazca lines

Answer 31

-the nazca lines were geoglyphs that could only be seen from a great height.

Question 32

What was the Narmer palette?

Answer 32

The Narmer Palette is a carved, slate, ceremonial palette that has a depiction of two scenes of conquest. On one side, Narmer wears the white, conical crown of Upper Egypt and on the other side, he wears the red crown of lower Egypt. This depicts the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under one ruler and marks the beginning of the Dynastic period of Egyptian History.

Question 33

The Inca Empire date, location, capital city

Answer 33

• 1400-1532
  -South America/ Northern Chile
  -Capital city was Cuzco

Question 34

What was Inca record-keeping called

Answer 34

-Khipu (Quipu) is a system of knotted strings used to record information

Question 35

What was the function of Machu Picchu?

Answer 35

Archaeologists suggest it served as a royal retreat for the Inca leader.

Question 36

what were the civilization we learned. What are their periods/cities

Answer 36

-Ancient Egypt (old, new)
-China (Shang, Zhou, Qin)
-Indus Valley (HARRAPA, mehenjo-daro)
-MesoAmerica (Olmec(laventa, San Lorenzo), The Maya (Tikal, Palenque), Aztec
-Pre inca (Nazca, Moche, Chimu)
-Inca

Question 37

Stages in the development of writing (Feder 2024)

Answer 37

9,000 years ago, people in the Mesopotamia began recording information using clay tokens. 16 basic shapes of tokens have been identified.
By 6,000 years ago, tokens become more elaborate and expanded to 300 shapes with various etchings on their surfaces.
By 5,500 years ago, tokens were stored in clay containers called envelopes. The shape of the tokens was impressed on the exterior of the envelopes which were sealed.
By 5,200 years ago, envelopes were no longer used, and the shape of the tokens were instead impressed on a flattened piece of clay.
By 5,100 years ago, tokens were no longer used. Instead, scribes impressed symbols directly into wet clay using a stylus. This marks the beginning of cuneiform writing.