Post-Midterm

Question 1

5 Disruptions in Indigenous Food Systems

Answer 1

1. Land dispossession
2. Genocidal practices of assimilation (residential schools, banning of ceremonies, removal from harvesting grounds)
3. Settler economy (women forced into home role)
4. Cottage colonization (privatization of land for tourism/recreation)
5. Environmental damage/contamination by extractive industries

Question 2

Resurgence

Answer 2

Simpson, 2011
Involves the flourishment of Indigenous knowledges, laws, languages, and practices as integral elements to Indigenous self-determination

Question 3

Legitimate v. Illegitimate resistance

Answer 3

ACCORDING TO CANADIAN GOV’T

Legitimate: negotiations with the state and peaceful protest (treaties, land claims, self-governance)

Illegitimate: direct action, confrontation, roadblocks, refusing to attend court cases

Question 4

Keara Lightning View of how Indigenous peoples view “pristine” park land

Answer 4

Managed by humans for millennia. Western science sees forests as “museums” (untouched and fragile) when that is not the case.

Question 5

Relationship between systematic racism and and society today according to Canadian Human Rights Commission

Answer 5

Progress is made toward elimination Attitudes of racism built into laws, education, governance, relationships, but remain elusive as doubt remains that systematic racism exists in Canada

Question 6

What type of knowledge framework does two-eyed seeing represent?

Answer 6

Conceptual framework of multiple perspectives where we see the strengths of Indigenous knowledges with Western knowledges

Question 7

What are two things that Indigenous communities need to work toward restoring the balance in forest ecosystems?

Answer 7

Secure tenure for Indigenous communities and youth involvement

Question 8

Who coined the term two-eyed seeing and what year?

Answer 8

Albert Marshall 2004

Question 9

What are the steps toward effective and respectful Western and Indigenous co-research projects on fisheries or other environmental management practices (two-eyed seeing approach)?

Answer 9

Mutual research interest, identification of required tools, research co-development, co-evaluation and community validation, shared recognition and co-benefits, long-term relationship

Question 10

What is the Indigenous name for the magpie River in Northern Quebec? What language does this name come from?

Answer 10

Muteshekau Shipu
Innu People
“The river where the water passes through the square rocky cliffs”

Question 11

When did the Magpie River obtain legal personhood?

Answer 11

February 2021

Question 12

9 Rights Granted to the Magpie River

Answer 12

1. The right to flow
2. The right to respect its cycles
3. The right for its natural evolution to be protected and preserved
4. The right to maintain its natural biodiversity
5. The right to fulfill its essential functions within its ecosystem
6. The right to maintain its integrity
7. The right to be safe from pollution
8. The right to regenerate and be restored
9. The right to sue

Question 13

What is the NAM?

Answer 13

North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Question 14

How does NAM perpetuate settler colonialism?

Answer 14

Anthropocentric view of animals as resources to be extracted
Ignoring Indigenous histories, laws, knowledge systems and lived experiences
Imposing regulations that interrupt Indigenous lifeways and identities.

Question 15

1st Principle of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Answer 15

Land as a “public trust” omitting the presence of Indigenous peoples in modern times and ignoring the gov’t’s role in decimating the bison

Question 16

6th Principle of North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Answer 16

Science as the proper tool to shape wildlife policy, disregarding Indigenous communities’ abilities and rights to make decisions on conservation

Question 17

What are IGPs?

Answer 17

Indigenous Guardianship Programs that reestablish traditional roles as environmental stewards through participating and shaping monitoring and management.

Question 18

What are IGPs?

Answer 18

Indigenous Guardianship Programs that reestablish traditional roles as environmental stewards through participating and shaping monitoring and management.

Question 19

How do IGPs use two-eyed seeing?

Answer 19

IGPs work with communities, non-government organizations, governments, and industry to bridge the gaps in monitoring and facilitate holistic approaches through local participating in leadership and monitoring using intergenerational knowledge transfer

Question 20

Canada Target 1 of the 2020 Biodiversity goals and Target for Canada

Answer 20

By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial areas and inland water, and 10% of marine and coastal areas of Canada are conserved through networks of protected areas and other effective area-based measures

Question 21

What are IPCAs and what do they do?

Answer 21

Indigenous protected and conserved areas
“lands and waters where Indigenous governments have the primary role in protecting and conserving ecosystems through Indigenous laws, governance, and knowledge systems.”

Question 22

Why are IPCAs important in Canada?

Answer 22

Key to both biodiversity conservation goals and reconciliation

Question 23

How do IPCAs represent a decolonization approach to conservation in Canada?

Answer 23

Inclusive decision making (two-eye seeing), respect for Indigenous rights and titles (systematic change), and Indigenous self-determination and resurgence

Question 24

What are the citizen priorities for the MNA IPCA project, as outlined by Jordan York in his presentation?

Answer 24

Ecological Protection
Harvesting Opportunity
Education and Outreach
Relationship Building
Citizen Involvement and Access
Healing the Land

Question 25

Definition of Land Back from Jesse Wente

Answer 25

“It’s about self-determination for our Peoples here that could include some access to the territories and resources in a more equitable fashion, and for us to have control over how that actually looks”

Question 26

4 Things to Support Land Back

Answer 26

1. Lift the burden of education off of Indigenous friends and colleagues by watching and sharing videos and resources on land governance in Canada
2. Find out what traditional terrifies you are on and start conservation
3. Hold public leaders accountable for policy
4. Watch and share the webinar by David Suzuki Foundation that examines Indigenous rights and responsibilities, and the root cause over the conflict on over land-use