Post First World War Flashcards

1
Q

Spartacist league / KPD ( founding)

A

1916, by a more revolutionary minority group from the SPD.

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2
Q

Spartacist league / KPD (leaders)

A

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

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3
Q

Spartacist league / KPD (aims)

A

Wanted republican government controlled by workers and soldiers councils, welfare benefits, nationalisation, workers control of major industries, disbanding of the army and creation of local workers militias. Opposed to First World War.

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4
Q

Spartacist league / KPD (support)

A

Workers would often join their rallies and demonstrations. 5,000 members

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5
Q

USPD (founded)

A

1917, by a breakaway minority group from the left of the SPD

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6
Q

USPD (leaders)

A

Hugo Hasse

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7
Q

USPD (aims)

A

Wanted a republic with national Reichstag working with workers and soldiers councils, welfare improvements, nationalisation of industry, breaking up of the large estates, reform of the army and creation of a national militia, opposed to the First World War.

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8
Q

USPD (support)

A

Grew in strength during 1918 as war-weariness grew. 300,000 members

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9
Q

SPD (founded)

A

1875, as a Marxist socialist party committed to revolution.

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10
Q

SPD (leaders)

A

Friedrich Ebert and Phillip Scheidemann

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11
Q

SPD (aims)

A

Wanted moderate socialist republic with democratic elections and basic personal freedoms, welfare improvements and gradual nationalisation of industry. Wanted continuity and order. Supported Germanys entry into First World War.

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12
Q

SPD (support)

A

Appealed largely to working-class voters and, in 1912, became the largest party in the Reichstag. 1,000,000 members

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13
Q

Weimar constitution (strengths)

A

Wider right to vote than in other European countries. Women able to vote and become politicians.
Proportional representation implemented
Full democracy in local government
Clearly set out the rights of the individual. E.g (freedom of speech and freedom of religion)
Referendums could be called by the president, reichsrat, or by peoples request.

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14
Q

Weimar constitution (disadvantages)

A

Proliferation of small parties meant that more extreme parties could gain a seat and therefore gain much more publicity than they usually would have.
Coalition governments became popular as none of the larger parties could gain an overall majority. Many governments were short-lived coalitions.

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15
Q

Article 48

A

Article 48 gave the president power to rule by decree in exceptional circumstances. Although there were no effective safeguards and eventually this was exploited by friedrich ebert and he used it on 136 occasions.

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16
Q

Ebert-Groener pact

A

This was between the president of the Weimar Republic and General Groener. They decided to not democratise the army as Ebert needed the support of the armed forces. This would keep aristocracy in power and anger the left wing.