Post Cranial Skeleton Flashcards
Describe
Atlas C1 of Cervical vertebra
It is the most superior bone of the entire vertebra colum. It lies between the cranium and the axis. The conyles of the cranium connect to the the concave aricular surface of the atlas.
The atlas bone has NO BODY, it lacks a Spinous Process and it does not have articular disks superior or inferior (oval shaped disc/plate)
What Features does the Anterior Arch of the Atlas Bone have?
Anterior Arch (The lines of union extend across the anterior portions of the superior articular facets. Its anterior serface is convex, the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles and the anterior longitudinal ligament. Posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis. The upper and lower borders respectively give attachment to the anterior atlantooccipital membrane and the anterior atlantoaxial ligament; the former connects it with the occipital bone above, and the latter with the axis below.
What Features does the Posterior arch of the Atlas bone have?
It ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores and the ligamentum nuchae. The diminutive size of this process prevents any interference with the movements between the atlas and the skull.
Atlas C1 vertebra Superior View
Anterior Tubercle Articular Facet for Dens
Anterior Arch Lateral Mass
Tranverse Process Vertebral Foramen
Transverse Foramen Posterior Arch
Tubercle for transverse ligament of atlas
Posterior tubericle
Groove for vertebral artery
Superior articular surface of lateral mass for occipital condyle
Atlas C1 Inferior View
Posterior Tuberical, Posterior Arch, Transverse Process, Vertebral Foramen, Transverse Foramen, Inferior articular surface of lateral mass of axis, Anterior arch, anterior tubercle, and Articular facet for dens
Axis C2 Vertebrae
Axis also lacks a typical vertebral body, but has a projecting process that forms a pivot for the atlas. This projection is called theh Dens or Odontoid Process. Features of the Axis are : The axis is composed of a vertebral body, heavy pedicles, laminae, and transverse processes, which serve as attachment points for muscles.
C3-C7 Vertebrae
These spinal bones attach to the thoracic spine and work together to support the head.
The Features of these cervical vertebra have:
- Body
- Spinous Process
- Transverse process
- Transverse foramen
- Vertebral foramen
- Pedicles
- Laminae
- Superior Articular processes/facets
- Inferior processes/facet
With the C7 being the transitional between a typical cervical vertebra and typical thorsacic vertebra. It has the largest body of all the cervical vertebra and a flat inferior surface.
Thoracic Vertebrae T1-T12
T1: Has a whole Costal Facet superiorly and a half costal facet inferiorly. it retains more cervical like characteristics of its spine and body than any other thoracic vertebra
T10: Usually has a complete, superiorly placed costal facet on each side of the vertebral body and costal articulation on the transverse process
T12: Resembles T11, but the inferior articular facets assume the lumbar pattern.
These vertebra have:
- Body
- Spinous Process
- Transverse Processes
- vertabral foramen
- pedicles
- laminae
- Superior articular process
- inferior articular process
- Superior and inferior costovertebral facets
- Costotransverse facets
Lumbar Vertebrae
5 Lumbar L1-L5
Have large bodies and curved superior and inferior articular facets. Their Spinous processes appear thin and elongated. They increase in size as they go down your lower spine. These are Kidney shaped. Their Features Include:
- Body
- Spinous process
- Transverse processes
- Vertebral foramen
- Pedicles
- Laminae
- Superior articular Processes
- Inferior articular processes
Sacrum
The sacrum appears as a large, triangular bone in adults but is comprised of seperate sacral vertebrae (Numbered S1-S5) that fuse together during childhood. There is a large articular surface on each side which forms the sacro-iliac joints with the left and right pelvis. The inferior end of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx, the rudimentary human tail. This is comprised of 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae which fuse together during childhood.
Landmarks of Sacrum:
- Auricular surfaces
- Pelvic surface
- Promontory
- Alae
- Superior articular process
- Sacral Median crest
- Laminae
- Spinous tubercles
- Sacral Canal
- Sacral foramina
- Sacral hiatus
Ribs (12)
There are 12 pairs of ribs which articulate posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae. Anteriorly, ribs 1-7 articulate directly with the sternum, while ribs 8-10 connect to cartilage of the rib above. Ribs 11 and 12 are called ‘floating ribs’ as their anterior (sternal) ends are free. The heads of 2-9 have a double facet which fits in between the inferior and superior costovertebral facets of two adjacent vertebrae. The heads of 1, 10, 11, and 12 have a single facet as they only articulate with one vertebra.
Landmarks on vertebrea:
- Head
- Articular facet(s) of head
- Neck
- Tubercle (articular and non-articular parts)
- Angle
- Costal groove
- Shaft
- Sternal end
- scalene tubercle of first rib
Sternum
The sternum is comprised of three separate parts; the manubrium, the body (sometimes called the mesosternum) and the xiphoid process. The body is formed of four sternebrae which fuse togehter during childhood.
Landmarks on the sternum are:
- Jugular notch of manubrium
- Clavicular notches of manubrium (body)
- Notches for first ribs on body
- sternal angle
- Notches for ribs 2-7
- Xiphisternal joint
Hands and Feet
The hands and feet are comprised of many indivudual bones which can be grouped into categories: Carpals and metacarpals in the hands; tarsal and metatarsals in the feet. Together with proximal, intermediate and distal phalanges these provide stability and/or allow a wide range of movement.
Hands
- 8 Carpals in each hand - each have distinctive appearance. Arranged in 2 rows, the proximal which contains - from radial (lateral) to ulnar (medial) - the scaphoid, lunate,triquetral and pisiform, and the distal contains - from raidal to ulnar - the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
Metacarpals
MC1: Is the thumb metacarpal it has a Head, Body, and Base
MC2 V-Shaped notch: its at the base of the second metacarpal
MC3 Styloid Process: It is on the distal end of the middle finger it connects the carpometacarpal Joint. metacarpal styloid process enables the hand bone to lock into the wrist bones, allowing for greater amounts of pressure to be applied to the wrist.
MC4 single ulner articular facet and the 2 radial articular facet: MC4 is the ring finger
MC5 Tubercle on the medial side: pinky palmer view it is on the side of the head of the pinky
Carpals
8 Total carpals they are located in your wrist they are cubically shaped
Divided into a proximal row incorporating from radial to ulna
Some: Scaphoid, Lovers: Lunate
Try: Triquetrum, Positions: pisiform, That: Trapezium, They: Trapizoid, Cant: Capitate, Handle: Hamate
Scaphoid
The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones on the thumb side of the wrist, just above the radius. The bone is important for both motion and stability in the wrist joint. The word “scaphoid” comes from the Greek term for “boat.” The scaphoid bone resembles a boat with its relatively long, curved shape. Also looks like a snail, behind the shell bit fits a concave thumb print. The way the snails head goes is what side of the foot it is on. This picture is a right Foot
Lunate
Rises up from the side it is from when you put it down on the flat surface. small looks like ½ moon. think Lunar for lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
The pisiform is one of eight and smallest carpal bones that forms part of the wrist joint. It is a small pea-shaped bone
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
