post colonialism and nationalism Flashcards
what is colonialism?
policy or practise of acquiring political control over another country, occupying settlers and exploiting economically
what is mercantile colonialism?
plantation system and forced labour as key mechanism for colonialism, humans now have become commodity not just goods. the economic system was built upon mercantile colonialism by mid 1700s
what was traded under mercantile colonialism?
products from forced labour camps and slaves,
how were trading companies used under mercantile colonialism?
trading companies utilised by countries using them to expand trade in Asia and Africa,
what were motivations for modern imperialism?
- nationalism
- industrialism
3.humanitarianism/social darwinism
how did nationalism motivate modern imperialism?
French Revolution and Napoleon spread nationalism through europe, which was continued by German and Italian unification. pride in ones nation was based upon production, military strength and size of empire. moved from just trading company colonialism to governments being involved
how did industrialisation motivate modern imperialism
increased population in europe, great technological advances, continued economic expansion requires resources and markets, the revolution in Britain was funded by the need for sugar and other commodities from colonies
how did humanitarianism/social darwinism motivate modern imperialism?
Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia as fertile ground for converts, europeans saw themselves as superior and intelligent and felt it their need to educate the world, European saviour complex
what are the different types of colonial rule?
Direct rule- imposing direct rule over locals colonisers imposing culture on local lands and highly centralised
Indirect rule- advisors made laws and local ruler carried out laws and report to coloniser
protectorate- local rulers left in place but follow guidance from colonial powers
company rule- company gains economic and political control e.g east India company
how is the modern western world rooted in colonialism?
the liberal democratic state rooted in colonial institutions, well documented relations between knowledge production in Europe and colonies. the west was created out of the conquered world, the idea of the west is unthinkable without imperialist power
what does Franz Fanon say on the creation of the west?
Europe is a creation of 3rd world in material terms, wealth made from labour and resources and profits
what was the coloniality of power associated with?
expressed through political and economic spheres, is strongly associated with knowledge
what does Edward Said say on Coloniality?
orientalism constructs a particular idea of the so called orient that is distant from the west and that is binary or dualistic way of thinking ascribes to the orient. the orient presented as opposite to the west e.g non rational, exotic, emotional etc
what does Gayatri Spivak say on coloniality?
questions the implied assumptions of the dominant discourse. we should lift the voices of those who have been dominated and oppressed
what is the postcolonial politics of knowledge production?
Western perceptions of the non west are a result of the legacies of European colonialisation and imperialism
how does Shelia Nair explain way European powers justify their action?
European powers justify their domination over the people in the name of bringing civilisation or progress
how is race a social construct?
its used as a category and politically as a method of purity and hierarchy, used to control and dominate.
does the state construct race, who is foreign and sense of belonging and exclusion
how is race politically mobilised?
used to easily identify scapegoats and an appeal of simple politics, all built on racialised world view.
blame race as security threat and the dangerous other
what is the caste system?
system of hierarchy in India broken in 4 categories that decide social standing, jobs, and lives of its members
what are the castes?
- brahmins
- Kshatriya
- Vaishaya
- shudra
- dalit (untouchables)
what are the untouchables?
not actually known as a caste but are the others, known as backwards and unclean, for doing Jobs such as removing human waste, working on cremation and handling leather
how was the caste system use during British rule in India?
caste was used as category system by the British
when was caste abolished? what was its impact?
caste discrimination abolished in 1962, but it still continues and effects Jobs and aspects of society
how does ethnicity link to nationalism?
ethnicity becomes large factor in shaping national identity, idea of ethno-nationalism which is desire to keep ethnic nation separated from other groups
what are examples of ethano-nationalism?
Nazi Germany with the persecution of jewish people
Rwanda with tension between Hutu and Tutsi tribes leading to the genocide
instances of nationalism in France and Italy recently
what is the relation between intersectionality and religion?
concept of intersectionality describes the unique ways in which people are affected by discrimination based on sex, gender, religion, etc
what is relational dialogism?
draws on post modernism and feminism, recognises interrelationships between different elements within religion
how did Donald trump utilise religion?
pushed white evangelical christian values to appeal to that base of voters
how does religion relate to the Ukraine war?
Putin wanting to create the Russian motherland at the heart idea of Christian orthodox church
who is religion utilised by? why?
often utilised by right wing populists and nationalists, in order to stir up strong support and feeling
what does it mean to decolonise?
to fundamentally transform knowledge production, the unquestioned value system that govern knowledge must be radically reshaped
what does post colonialism claim needs to happen to Eurocentrism?
eurocentrism needs to be unpacked and acknowledged as to why it is the linear sovereign authority, where the ‘others’ have to join into the system
what are the divisions of knowledge production of the west?
western modernity and concept of time and space , discovery of world, presenting superiority of the west over the rest of the world.
this current global order reflects this world view
