post colonialism and nationalism

Question 1

what is colonialism?

Answer 1

policy or practise of acquiring political control over another country, occupying settlers and exploiting economically

Question 2

what is mercantile colonialism?

Answer 2

plantation system and forced labour as key mechanism for colonialism, humans now have become commodity not just goods. the economic system was built upon mercantile colonialism by mid 1700s

Question 3

what was traded under mercantile colonialism?

Answer 3

products from forced labour camps and slaves,

Question 4

how were trading companies used under mercantile colonialism?

Answer 4

trading companies utilised by countries using them to expand trade in Asia and Africa,

Question 5

what were motivations for modern imperialism?

Answer 5

1. nationalism
2. industrialism
   3.humanitarianism/social darwinism

Question 6

how did nationalism motivate modern imperialism?

Answer 6

French Revolution and Napoleon spread nationalism through europe, which was continued by German and Italian unification. pride in ones nation was based upon production, military strength and size of empire. moved from just trading company colonialism to governments being involved

Question 7

how did industrialisation motivate modern imperialism

Answer 7

increased population in europe, great technological advances, continued economic expansion requires resources and markets, the revolution in Britain was funded by the need for sugar and other commodities from colonies

Question 8

how did humanitarianism/social darwinism motivate modern imperialism?

Answer 8

Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia as fertile ground for converts, europeans saw themselves as superior and intelligent and felt it their need to educate the world, European saviour complex

Question 9

what are the different types of colonial rule?

Answer 9

Direct rule- imposing direct rule over locals colonisers imposing culture on local lands and highly centralised

Indirect rule- advisors made laws and local ruler carried out laws and report to coloniser

protectorate- local rulers left in place but follow guidance from colonial powers

company rule- company gains economic and political control e.g east India company

Question 10

how is the modern western world rooted in colonialism?

Answer 10

the liberal democratic state rooted in colonial institutions, well documented relations between knowledge production in Europe and colonies. the west was created out of the conquered world, the idea of the west is unthinkable without imperialist power

Question 11

what does Franz Fanon say on the creation of the west?

Answer 11

Europe is a creation of 3rd world in material terms, wealth made from labour and resources and profits

Question 12

what was the coloniality of power associated with?

Answer 12

expressed through political and economic spheres, is strongly associated with knowledge

Question 13

what does Edward Said say on Coloniality?

Answer 13

orientalism constructs a particular idea of the so called orient that is distant from the west and that is binary or dualistic way of thinking ascribes to the orient. the orient presented as opposite to the west e.g non rational, exotic, emotional etc

Question 14

what does Gayatri Spivak say on coloniality?

Answer 14

questions the implied assumptions of the dominant discourse. we should lift the voices of those who have been dominated and oppressed

Question 15

what is the postcolonial politics of knowledge production?

Answer 15

Western perceptions of the non west are a result of the legacies of European colonialisation and imperialism

Question 16

how does Shelia Nair explain way European powers justify their action?

Answer 16

European powers justify their domination over the people in the name of bringing civilisation or progress

Question 17

how is race a social construct?

Answer 17

its used as a category and politically as a method of purity and hierarchy, used to control and dominate.
does the state construct race, who is foreign and sense of belonging and exclusion

Question 18

how is race politically mobilised?

Answer 18

used to easily identify scapegoats and an appeal of simple politics, all built on racialised world view.
blame race as security threat and the dangerous other

Question 19

what is the caste system?

Answer 19

system of hierarchy in India broken in 4 categories that decide social standing, jobs, and lives of its members

Question 20

what are the castes?

Answer 20

1. brahmins
2. Kshatriya
3. Vaishaya
4. shudra
5. dalit (untouchables)

Question 21

what are the untouchables?

Answer 21

not actually known as a caste but are the others, known as backwards and unclean, for doing Jobs such as removing human waste, working on cremation and handling leather

Question 22

how was the caste system use during British rule in India?

Answer 22

caste was used as category system by the British

Question 23

when was caste abolished? what was its impact?

Answer 23

caste discrimination abolished in 1962, but it still continues and effects Jobs and aspects of society

Question 24

how does ethnicity link to nationalism?

Answer 24

ethnicity becomes large factor in shaping national identity, idea of ethno-nationalism which is desire to keep ethnic nation separated from other groups

Question 25

what are examples of ethano-nationalism?

Answer 25

Nazi Germany with the persecution of jewish people
Rwanda with tension between Hutu and Tutsi tribes leading to the genocide
instances of nationalism in France and Italy recently

Question 26

what is the relation between intersectionality and religion?

Answer 26

concept of intersectionality describes the unique ways in which people are affected by discrimination based on sex, gender, religion, etc

Question 27

what is relational dialogism?

Answer 27

draws on post modernism and feminism, recognises interrelationships between different elements within religion

Question 28

how did Donald trump utilise religion?

Answer 28

pushed white evangelical christian values to appeal to that base of voters

Question 29

how does religion relate to the Ukraine war?

Answer 29

Putin wanting to create the Russian motherland at the heart idea of Christian orthodox church

Question 30

who is religion utilised by? why?

Answer 30

often utilised by right wing populists and nationalists, in order to stir up strong support and feeling

Question 31

what does it mean to decolonise?

Answer 31

to fundamentally transform knowledge production, the unquestioned value system that govern knowledge must be radically reshaped

Question 32

what does post colonialism claim needs to happen to Eurocentrism?

Answer 32

eurocentrism needs to be unpacked and acknowledged as to why it is the linear sovereign authority, where the ‘others’ have to join into the system

Question 33

what are the divisions of knowledge production of the west?

Answer 33

western modernity and concept of time and space , discovery of world, presenting superiority of the west over the rest of the world.
this current global order reflects this world view