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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

An observer test a hypothesis by looking for changes brought on by alterations to a variable

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2
Q

What is an independent variable

A

A variable you intentionally change

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3
Q

What is a Dependent variable

A

The difference between the two parts of the experiment that happens when the independent variable is changed

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4
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

A possible solution to a problem based on knowledge and research

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5
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

The variables that are kept the same

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6
Q

What is a conclusion

A

The summary of the experiments results and how those results match up to your hypothesis

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7
Q

What is a scientific law

A

Statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe

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8
Q

What is a scientific theory

A

A wealth of steamed explanation of some aspect of the natural world that’s aquired through the scientific method

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9
Q

What is an observation

A

A record of information gathered by sentences

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10
Q

What is an inference

A

What a scientist thinks the observation means

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11
Q

What is a line graph

A

A graph that shows relationships between two or more measured variables

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12
Q

What is a histogram

A

A graph that shows the frequency of one measured variable

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13
Q

What is mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

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14
Q

What is volume

A

The amount of space an object takes up

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15
Q

What is a graduated cylinder

A

A tool used to find the volume of a liquid or gas

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16
Q

What is a balance

A

A tool used to find mass

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17
Q

What type of behavior is expected in the lab

A

No horseplay

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18
Q

What kind of clothing do you wear in the lab

A

Remove or secure loose garments remove dangling jewelry tieback longhair no open shoes wear goggles

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19
Q

What safety procedures to use when heating objects

A

Allow object to cool before touching it always turn off hot plates immediately after use

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20
Q

What is the rule on food and lab

A

Not allowed

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21
Q

What do you do with broken glass

A

Do not handle broken glass with bare hands dispose of glass in designated glass disposal container

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22
Q

What do you use to measure length

A

Meter stick or ruler

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23
Q

How do you measure the volume of a liquid

A

Graduated cylinder

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24
Q

How do you measure the volume of an irregular solid

A

Water displacement in a graduated cylinder

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25
Q

How did you find the volume of a regular solid

A

Meter stick or ruler base times width times height

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26
Q

How do you find the mass of a solid

A

A balance

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27
Q

How do you find the mass of a liquid

A

a balance

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28
Q

How do you find the weight of an object

A

A scale

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29
Q

How do you measure the volume of a liquid

A

Graduated cylinder

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30
Q

How do you measure the volume of an irregular solid

A

Water displacement in a graduated cylinder

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31
Q

How did you find the volume of a regular solid

A

Meter stick or ruler base times width times height

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32
Q

How do you find the mass of a solid

A

A balance

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33
Q

How do you find the mass of a liquid

A

a balance

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34
Q

How do you find the weight of an object

A

A scale

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35
Q

How do you find the temperature of a substance

A

Thermometer

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36
Q

What information is needed for a graph (7)

A 
Title 
Scale/increments
Variable measurement and units
Horizontal axis
Vertical axis
Legend/key
Interpolation/extrapolation
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37
Q

Is the vertical axis X or y, and what variable is on it?

A

Y axis, dependent variable

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38
Q

Is the horizontal axis X or y, and what variable is on it?

A

Y axis, independent

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39
Q

What is interpolation?

A

When a scientist use a graph to predict results beyond the limits of the experience.

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40
Q

What is extrapolation?

A

When a scientist predicts results between 2 measured points.

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41
Q

State the law of conservation of energy.

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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42
Q

Give an example of mass before = mass after

A

10g + 10g = 20g

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43
Q

What is a frame of reference

A

A system of objects, relative motion is movement in relation to a frame of reference

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44
Q

What is an origin

A

Start point

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45
Q

What is a vector?

A

A measurement that includes both magnitude and direction.

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46
Q

What is a scalar

A

A measurement that has a numerical value alone

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47
Q

What are three examples of a scalar?

A

Time, distance, and mass

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48
Q

What is distance?

A

Amount of space or length between points

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49
Q

What is displacement

A

Difference between end point and start point.

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50
Q

What is the formula for speed?

A

S=D/T

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51
Q

What is velocity?

A

A change in position over a time interval.

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52
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Change in velocity over time.

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53
Q

Start point - 5 m
End point - 10 m
What is the displacement?

A

5 meters

54
Q

When dealing with the slop of position time graph, what do you see?

A

Average velocity

55
Q

When dealing with the slope of a velocity time graph, what do you see?

A

Average acceleration

56
Q

What is a force

A

A push or a pull

57
Q

What is net force?

A

Resultant of all forces that act on an object

58
Q

What is applied force?

A

Push or pull by an outside agent

59
Q

What is friction force?

A

Force that opposes motion

60
Q

What is normal force

A

Support force that acts perpendicular to a surface.

61
Q

What is gravitational force?

A

An attraction between any two objects

62
Q

What is spring force?

A

Restorative force due to a spring or other elastic force.

63
Q

What is mass?

A

Measurement of inertia

64
Q

What is inertia?

A

Property of an object that measures it’s resistance to changes in motion

65
Q

What is weight

A

Downward force due to the attraction between the object and a planet

66
Q

What is momentum?

A

The product of an objects mass and velocity

67
Q

How is mass a measurement of inertia?

A

Heavier object will resist motion more than lighter objects.

68
Q

A meteoroid in space moves with a constant velocity of 5 m/s in a straight line. Is this force balanced or unbalanced?

A

Balanced

69
Q

A paper football came to a stop on a smooth table. Is this force balanced or unbalanced?

A

Unbalanced.

70
Q

Two cars started from the same position on the floor and reached the wall at the same time. The red car had a mass of 5 kg, while the blue car had a mass of 7 kg. Which car had the most force applied to it?

A

Blue car

71
Q

What is the formula that applies to Newton’s second law?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

72
Q

What is an intensive property?

A

If a substance is the same substance, it will always have the same characteristic.

73
Q

What is a characteristic property?

A

A physical property

74
Q

What is density? (Formula)

A

Density = mass \ volume

75
Q

An object has a density of 6g, water has a density of .2g, will the object sink or float?

A

Sink

76
Q

What is a solid?

A

A state of matter with a Definite shape and volume

77
Q

What is a liquid?

A

A state of matter with an Indefinite shape, definite volume

78
Q

What is a gas?

A

A state of matter with an indefinite shape and matter.

79
Q

What is plasma?

A

A state of matter that exist at extremely high temperatures, atoms have been stripped of electrons.

80
Q

What is melting?

A

When a substance goes from solid to liquid

81
Q

What is freezing?

A

When a substance goes from liquid to solid

82
Q

What is boiling?

A

When a substance goes from liquid to gas

83
Q

What is condensing?

A

When a substance goes from gas to liquid

84
Q

What is deposition?

A

When a substance goes from gas to solid.

85
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a substance goes from a solid to gas.

86
Q

What is heat?

A

Measurement of the transfer of energy between substances at different temperatures.

87
Q

What is temperature?

A

Measurement of how hot or cold a substance is

88
Q

What is thermal energy

A

Total kinetic energy and potential energy in a substance

89
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Property of a substance that describes how much heat is absorbed or released to change 1 gram by 1 degrees C

90
Q

What is conduction?

A

Energy moves because particle collision, touching

91
Q

What is convection?

A

End grey moves becuase of density differences. Less dense rises, more dense sink.

92
Q

What is radiation?

A

Photons of energy move through waves

93
Q

What is an insulator.

A

Anything that makes transfer of energy difficult

94
Q

What happens to the temperature within a state of matter?

A

It changes

95
Q

What happens to temperature within a change of state?

A

It stays the same

96
Q

What changes during a change of state?

A

Force

97
Q

What do molecules look like in a solid

A

Vibrate in fixed positions

98
Q

What do molecules look like in a liquid

A

Slid past eachother

99
Q

What do molecules look like in a gas?

A

Move quickly

100
Q

In the calorimetry formula what do the letters Q, M, C, and triangle T mean?

A

Q = amount of heat
M = mass
C = specific heat
Triangle T = temp change

101
Q

How does heat flow?

A

From a warmer substance to a cooler substance

102
Q

What affects the amount of thermal energy?

A

Temperature and the amount of substance

103
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

104
Q

What is work?

A

Force x change in distance

105
Q

What is power?

A

Work\ time

106
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of a moving object

107
Q

What is potential energy

A

The energy stored in an object at rest

108
Q

What is electric energy

A

Energy that vibrates electrons causing electricity

109
Q

What is radiant/light energy

A

Type of electromagnetic radiation detected by the eye

110
Q

What is mechanical energy

A

Sum of potential and kinetic energy

111
Q

What is thermal energy

A

The total energy of all the moving atoms or molecules in a substance

112
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Energy stored in an object as the result of its position or height

113
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

Potential energy stored as a result of deformation of an elastic object stretching.

114
Q

What is chemical potential energy?

A

Potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.

115
Q

What is atomic nuclear energy

A

The energy which has its Irvin in the bonding forces in the atomic nucleus

116
Q

Jennifer ate an energy bar before she ran a race. How does the energy transfer?

A

Chemical to mechanical

117
Q

What does the atomic mass consist of?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

118
Q

Are the amount of electrons the same as the amount of protons?

A

Yes

119
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The amount of protons

120
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons on the outer energy level

121
Q

What is kinetic theory of matter?

A

Tiny particles in motion make up all matter

122
Q

What is plasma?

A

Gas like miscues of charged particles.

123
Q

What are crystals?

A

Particles arranged in repeating geometric patterns

124
Q

What are solids?

A

State of matter with definite shape and definite volume.

125
Q

What is an amorphous material?

A

Solid which is not made of crystals

126
Q

What is steam?

A

Water vapor

127
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

Matter expands when it gets hotter and contracts when it cools

128
Q

What is a liquid?

A

State of matter with no definite shape but with definite volume

129
Q

What is gas?

A

State of matter that has no definite shape or volume

130
Q

What is ice?

A

Water in the solid state.

Physical Science (4 decks)

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