Post assessment Unit 3 Flashcards
Function of the curclitory system
To carry nutrients to all body cells, carry wastes away from all body cells
Parts of the curclitory system
Heart, blood, blood vessels
Heart location
Near the center of the chest
Heart parts
Atrium and ventricle
Atrium
Upper chambers of the heart and receives blood
ventricle
Lower chamber of the heart pumps blood
arteries
besides the pulmonary arteries all arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
Right side of the heart
Pumps blood from the heart to the lung
lungs
Co2 leaves blood and o2. Is absorbed
left side
Pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body
veins
carry oxygen poor blood toward the heart
purpose of valves in veins
keep blood moving forward toward the heart (contractions help push blood through veins)
capillaries
the smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins the walls are only one cell thick blood cells must pass through single file where gasses are passed to/from tissues
blood amounts
a human body contains 4-6 liters of blood (8% of the total mass of body)
blood consists of
solids and liquids such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
percentage of the blood that is plasma
55%
plasma is 90%
water
plasma is 10%
dissolved gasses, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and plasma proteins
red blood cells are
exythrocytes, most numerous cells in blood, transport oxygen, and get their color from hemogbloin
hemogoblin
iron containing protein that binds with oxygen
white blood cells
aka leukocytes do not contain hemogobin, much less numerous than red blood cells (outnumbered 1000 to 1) fight disease by finding pathogens and can live for days, months, or even years.
fight infections through inactivating foreign substances or cells
can recognize pathogens because they have antigens
platelets
helps blood clot
purpose of the skeletal system
protect organs
parts of the skeletal system
bones, joints, tendons and ligaments, and cartilage
bone
supports the body, protects soft organs, helps with movement due to attached skeletal muscles, stores minerals and fats, and forms blood cells.
joints
are any point where bones meet
also called articulations
every bone (except hyoid) articulates with at least 1 other bone.
tenons
a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone
may attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball
serves to move the bone or structure
ligment
a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone
serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
cartilage
gives shape, support, and structure to other body tissues, cushions joints, smoothens the bone surfaces at the joints, and essential for the development and growth of long bones
muscular system
the body system that consists of muscles that provide and maintain posture
types of muscle
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscles
smooth muscle
is involuntary muscle that is found in may internal organs. causes movements within your body
cardiac muscle
involuntary muscle that is found only in the ehart
skeletal muscles
voluntary muscle that is attached to bones you control to do activities, such as walk or play a musical instrument
voluntary muscle
a muscle that a person can control
involuntary muscle
muscle that functions without a person’s control
function of the digestive system
help convert large food molecules into simple molecules (monomers) that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body
parts of the digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
mouth
start of the digestive system
break down food in which helps the food be digested in the body
produces saliva, which breaks down the chemicals in the food a bit, which helps make the food mushy and shallow
esophagus
a long think and muscular tube that connects the pharynx/throat to the stomach
food and fluids are propelled through the esophagus into the stomach
esophagus
a long think and muscular tube that connects the pharynx/throat to the stomach
food and fluids are propelled through the esophagus into the stomach
stomach
a muscular sac that lies between the esophagus and the small intestine in the upper abdomen
releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food
can expand to temporarily hold food
important for churning food into a consistency that is easier to digest for the rest of the body systems
small intestine
absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat
the location in the body where the majority of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed
digested food passes through the wall of the intestine into the blood vessels through diffusion and active transport which then distribute the nutrition first, to the liver and then through the rest of the body.
large intestine
performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into waste (feces)
as your body takes back water, it just leaves waste products behind. these become dryer and harder so it is easier for your body to get rid of them
respitory system function
allow animals to move oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) into cells
alveoli
moist thin-walled packets which are the site of gas exchange
cystic fibrosis
one of the most common inherited disorders in the Caucasian population in the U.S. and is inherited
hormones
chemical signals that influence cells’ activities
produced by glands
travel through the circulatory system
affects cells with matching receptors
hormones influence a cell’s activities by
entering the cell or binding to its membrane
hormones are produced by
glands
hormones travel through the
circulatory system
hormoes
affect cells with matching receptors
negative feedback
occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system
glucose intake occurs
during digestion of food that is needed for every expenditure to form routine physical activities
organ that regulates glucose levels
pancreas
the pancreas regulates glucose levels by
secreting two hormones insulin and glucagon
liver
stores excess glucose in form of glycogen to be utilized later
pathogen
anything that invades your body & causes a disease
contagious
infectious
people may carry a disease
without even knowing it
diseases can be spread
during the incubation period (before symptoms occur)
diseases transmit by
direct contact, indirect contact, contact with object, infected animals, and contaminated food or water
fungi
appear in moist areas like the skin, scalp, mouth, and throat
bacteria
most are helpful or harmless
a few are pathogens and release toxins in our bodies and are fought by the immune system or can be treated with antibiotics
virus
a nonliving protein coat surrounding either dna or rna
nonliving
do not grow or develop, obtain or use energy, respond to environment
BUT
have genetic material DNA or RNA
can replicate, but only by using the host cell
can evolve
vaccines
prevent viral infections
person is injected with a weakened virus
the immune system can later recognize the normal virus and fight it off.
immune system
bodies defense sytem against disease
lines of defense of your body
skin, fever, inflammation
skin
protective barier
fever
raises body temperature to kill infection
inflammation
swelling and redness
pathogens
things that infect you
contain antigens
pathogens
things that infect you
contain antigens
antigens
chemical markers (name tag)
tell where the pathogen is
antibodies
proteins that recognize and bind to the antigen because they fit together
mark pathogens for destruction
b cells
make antibodies
b memory cells
remember antigen in case of second infection
helper t cells
recognize antigen and tell b cells to make antibodies which attract killer t cells which kills infected self cell by injecting enzymes
mensural cycle
the rhythmic maturation of eggs
fsh
follicle stimulating hormone
hormone that matures eggs
follicle
tissue in ovary surrounding developing egg
the cells of the ovary that secrets the hromone estrogen
LH
ovulation
fallopian tube
two very thin tubes that serve as a path for the gg from the ovaries to the uterus
uterus
the muscular organ in which a fetus develops and is nurtured during pregnancy
uterus lining
the inner tissue in the uterus which builds up in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized and is rich in blood vessels to nurture the embryo
estrogen
corpus lutemum
progesterone
menstruation
feedback mechanisms
ovary
the female reproductive organ in which eggs are produced and also acts as a gland and secretes estrogen and progestogen sex hormones
uterus lining
the inner tissue in the uterus which builds up in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized and is rich in blood vessels to nurture the embryo
ovary
the female reproductive organ in which eggs are produced and also acts as a gland and creates estrogen and progestogen sex hormones
egg
female sex cell with one copy of the mother’s genes
vagina
muscular tube that serves as the birth canal for delivering the baby from the uterus/womb to the outside world
