Post 9/11

Question 1

3 Pillars of Bush’s Response to 9/11

Answer 1

Counter Terrorism
Pre-emption and pre eminence
Forward strategy for the democratization of the Middle East

Question 2

Key instutional changes after 9/11

Answer 2

• Creation of the Department of Homeland Security
  o Established on November 25, 2002
  o Amalgamated some of 15 plus US agencies and offices
• Creation of the office of the director of National Intelligence (2004)
  o DNI serves as the principla advisor to the President, the HSC, and Homeland security council on intelligence matters related to national security
   Replaced Director of the CIA as chief advisor on intellegnece
  o DNI serves as the head of the 16 member intelligence community and
  o DNI oversees and directs the National Intelligence Program
   Collects all information and intelligence of all agencies

Question 3

Internal efforts to deal with counter terrorism

Answer 3

USA Patriot Act (2001)
Creation of DNI (2004)
Creation of Department of Homeland Security (2002)

Question 4

external efforts to deal with counter terrorism

Answer 4

• Main efforts
  o Intelligence sharing
   In regards to Non-state actors
   A-culturalness of US Creed
   Syria was willing to cooperate
   Iran was willing to share information
  o International financial cooperation
   Attempting to gather intelligence on flows of funds
  o Renditions
   Suspected terrorists who are captured
  • By keeping them outside of America you can avoid the rights they get
  • Also local prisoners would kill them
   Shipping prisoners to other countries
  o Raids on terrorist bases, safe havens and training camps
   Bush admin starts using drones to strike terror group leadership targets
  • Mainly in safe haven areas of Pakistan
  o They also went after enemies of Pakistan too
  o Foreign internal defense
   American special operation forces, train local forces in counter terrorism techniques
  o Attempt to deter terror networks
   Use financial networks to threatening the people providing funds
  o Increased use of drones

Question 5

Define Neo-conservative

Answer 5

• American power should be used not just in the defense of American interests but for the promotion of American Principles
  o William Kristol
   Editor of Weekly standard
• Change above all violent change is the essence of human history
• Project for New American Century

Question 6

define messianic democrat

Answer 6

Republican-neo conservatives
They believe that the US should use its power to spread and advance its values around the world.
–often times used through justifications of humanitarian interventions
–worked with liberal interventionists

Question 7

define power realist

Answer 7

• Use America’s unquestioned power advantage to advance and secure US interests and security.

Question 8

What was the view of America in the turn of the century

Answer 8

-	United States sole power in the world 
o	Unilateral system 
o	American HyperPower 
	Stronger than everybody else by far 
o	Madaline Albright 
	US is the indispensable nation 
US Ambassador to UN 1993-97
Secretary of State 1997-2001
o	Soft Power is important for drawing international social support

Question 9

define pragmatic multilateralist

Answer 9

Pragmatic Multilateralist: believe in working through IO’s as the best way to advance American interests by ensuring Allies
- Powell
- Armitage
They often resort to use of military force last however if you do intervene you should go all in

Question 10

Main Characteristics of Neo-Cons

Answer 10

• Not a coherent ideology
• A tendency to see the world in a binary good/evil terms
• Low tolerance for diplomacy
• Readiness to use military force
• Emphasis on US unilateral action
• Disdain for multilateral organizations
• Focus on the middle east
• An US-versus-them mentality

Question 11

What is Military Primacy

Answer 11

A Neo-Con view
- Our military must:
o Assure our allies and friends;
 Dissuade future military competition
 Deter threats against US interests, allies and friend
 Decisivley defeat any adversay if deterrence fails (powell and windeburg documents)
National Security Strategy of the United States
20 September, 2002

Question 12

Why was unilateralism important for the Bush Admin

Answer 12

• A key critique of Bush Admin was that shifted US policy from Multilateralism to unilateralism
• Indispensable nation, we act you act

Question 13

Key aspects of the Obama administration post 9/11

Answer 13

• A zeroing in on the organizations senior leaders
• Enhanced cooperation with allies and partners to defeat the extremist scourge
• A sustained effort to restore Americas image and leadership in the world
  o John Brennan June 2011
   President Obama’s initial counterterrorism advisor
• Tries to close Guantanamo bay
  o Became increasingly problematic and didn’t occur
  —-made it a campaign statement

Question 14

What was the problem with closing Guantanamo bay

Answer 14

Senate Democrats said yesterday they would strip $80 million from a war funding bill meant to be used to close the prison, leaving Obama with no money to move forward. Both political parties have demanded a more detailed plan for what would happen to the approximately 240 prisoners held at Guantanamo: nobody wants detainees to end up in their own district

Question 15

What was a key distinction between Bush and Obama’s security policy

Answer 15

• Key shift was the increased use of drone strikes
  o Targeted strikes
   Identified individuals are targeted, specifically
  o Signature strikes
   Long term surveillance, watching for patterns of behaviour, which results in suspected terrorism and ends in striking them.
• Drone strikes distrubt the planning phases for attacks
• Wanted to install a framework for how drones are to be used

Question 16

What are the key aspects of the Patriot Act

Answer 16

 Passed very quickly in the aftermath of 9/11
• 8 weeks
 What does it do
• Dramatically reduced daily freedom of American public and restrictions in law enforcement agencies, gathering of intelligence within the United States
• Expanded the authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities and
• Broadened the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism related acts
 Starts to impinge on the rights of American freedoms

Question 17

What are the concepts of pre-emanation and pre-eminence

Answer 17

• Pre-emtion
  o If you start to develop WMD you will be attacked
  o We will not permit the worlds regimes to create weapons that pose a threat to us

Question 18

Explain the Forward strategy for the democratization of the Middle East

Answer 18

• Who is the enemy
  o The US will use this opportunity to extend the benefits of freedom across the globe.
  o Weak states pose just as much of a state compared to strong states
• Who is the enemy
  o Unfree people and captive states
   They hate us because they can’t be us

Question 19

What were the principles of the New American Century

Answer 19

we need to increase defense spending significantly if we are
to carry out our global responsibilities today and
modernize our armed forces for the future;
•we need to strengthen our ties to democratic allies and to
challenge regimes hostile to our interests and values;
•we need to promote the cause of political and economic
freedom abroad;
•we need to accept responsibility for America’s unique role in
preserving and extending an international order friendly
to our security, our prosperity, and our principles.

Question 20

Examples of Messianic democrats

Answer 20

Cheney 
Libby
John Bolton (Also a power realist)
Paul Wolfowitz
Feith

Question 21

How would you describe Condoleezza Rice

Answer 21

The (Ostensible) Mediator as NSA 2001-2005
Generally seen as not very good at this

Secretary of State 2005-2009
Realist -Multilateralist

Question 22

What was the Powell Docterine

Answer 22

Powell the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)
created Powell Doctrine which argued, that the US should use force only as a last resort against clear threats, and even then only if the American public were prepared to support the use of overwhelming force

Question 23

How did Dalder and Lindsey classify Paul Wolfowitz and Richard Perle

Answer 23

Are often called NEOCONs however they classify them as democratic imperialist’s. They argued their goal was that the US should actively deploy its overwhelming military, economic and political might to remake the world in its image, and that doing this would serve the interest of outer countries

Question 24

What would you classify Bush as

Answer 24

He is not a NEOCon more rooted in power realisim. Focus on clarity

Question 25

What did appointing powell as secretary of state do for bush

Answer 25

Powells selection gave instant credibility and reassured those voters who worried that he was too green to handle a major foreign policy crisis