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SOR HSC > POST 1945 > Flashcards

POST 1945 Flashcards

1
Q

Dreaming

A

The Dreaming is a complex concept of fundamental importance to Aboriginal culture, embracing the era of creative activity when the world was formed, as well as the present and the future

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2
Q

What is aboriginal spirituality determined by

A

By the Dreaming through kinship, ceremonial life and the obligations to the land and people

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3
Q

Kinship

A

The system of relationships that traditionally accepted by a particular culture and the rights and obligations they involve

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4
Q

How are individuals able to enter a direct relationship with The Dreaming

A

Observance of ritual and ceremony

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5
Q

Why is ceremonial life so important to Aboriginal Spirituality

A

Ensures vital components of the Law and The Dreaming stay intact

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6
Q

Name 4 things inextricably interwoven

A

Ceremony, spirituality, ritual and law

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7
Q

Examples of ceremonies

A

Initiation ceremonies or mourning ceremonies

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8
Q

Why is the land of great significance

A

Sacred - needs to be preserved
Contains sacred sites = provides food and water = dwelling places of ancestral beings

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9
Q

What is the land to the people

A

The land is the interconnection that exists between obligation to the land and people

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10
Q

How do everyone take part in caring for the land

A

Totemic system

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11
Q

What happens in Totemic system

A

Each nation as well as individuals, is responsible to care for their allocated totems

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12
Q

Dispossession

A

The removal of Aboriginal groups from their ancestral lands by Europeans who regarded their land as terra nullius

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13
Q

Consequences of dispossessions

A
  1. Separation from the land
  2. Separation from kinship groups
  3. Stolen generation

All impact aboriginal spiritualities

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14
Q

What does separation from land do

A

Extinguishes the purpose of life for Aboriginals = losing the place of their spirit after death

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15
Q

Separation from the land leads to what

A

Traditional stories can no longer be told at their original location = the power and aura of the story is lessened

Access to sacred sites is denied

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16
Q

What does separation from kinship groups do [4]

A

Remove sense of belonging and understanding their place in life

Loss of purpose in life, language, roles and responsibilities, their place in The Dreaming

Stories can no longer be passed

Inability to preform ceremonies denies access to Aboriginal Spirituality

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17
Q

The Stolen Generation

A

Forcible removal of children from families

Destroying kinship relationships and distanced Aboriginal people from traditional beliefs

Removes their sense of belonging

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18
Q

When did Kevin Rudd issue an apology to the Aboriginals

A

February 13th 2008

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19
Q

Evaluate Kevin Rudd apology

A

It does not erase the effects of dispossession but it is a step closer to reconciliation

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20
Q

The Land Rights Movement

A

Works to regain and ensure the recognition of the occupation of and rights to the land by Indigenous people

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21
Q

What did the 1967 referendum allow to happen

A

Allowed aboriginal people to be counted as citizens and they had rights and were able to actively engage themselves in the movement

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22
Q

Native Title

A

Traditional Aboriginal right of access, use or occupation of the land

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23
Q

What were the rights from the native title act based on

A

Traditional laws and customs

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24
Q

What did the Mabo decision of 1992 do

A

Overthrew the concept of Terra Nullius (land owning to no one before British settlement in 1788)

25
Q

What did the court recognise during the Mabo decision

A

That aboriginal spirituality was inextricably linked to the land

26
Q

What did the Wik decision of 1996 determine

A

The native title could co-exist with other rights on land held under a pastoral lease (very significant since the Aboriginals could access for purposes of visiting sacred sites and ceremonies)

27
Q

The Land Rights movement

A

Is an aboriginal rights movement that rose to prominence in the 1970s and government legislation, Native Title, Mabo and Wik followed as a response

28
Q

What did Ancestor spirits give Aboriginal people

A

Gave them rights, obligations and responsibilities to care for the land and use it in the expression of their spirituality

29
Q

Why are sacred sites so important [3]

A

They are critical for Aboriginal people’ ceremonies

It is through their ceremonies they can enter a direct relationship with The Dreaming

Land is home to totems, sacred objects and spirits of Ancestors = part of Dreaming

30
Q

What is the Dreaming not bound by

A

Time

31
Q

What is The Dreaming bound by instead

A

Exists in the past, present and future, expressing the continuity of connection to the land, the ancestor spirits and the responsibilities of the individual and the community

32
Q

What happened when Australia abolished White policy and adopted multicultural policy

A

Influx of immigrants from Asia and Middle East

33
Q

Percentage of Hinduism as of the abolishment of white policy

A

2.7%

34
Q

Percentage of Buddhism as of the abolishment of white policy

A

2.4%

35
Q

Percentage of Islam as of the abolishment of white policy

A

3.2%

36
Q

Which is the fastest growing religious tradition in Australia driven by immigration

A

Islam and Hinduism

37
Q

Which religion is relatively stable with slight increase

A

Buddhism

38
Q

Which religion has stayed fairly constant since WWI

A

Judaism with 0.4% in 2021 census

39
Q

What percentage of people identify with religious traditions other than Christianity according to 2021 census

A

10%

40
Q

How much did percentage increase for those who identify with religious traditions other than Christianity in 2021 census (of total population)

A

1.8% increase since 2016

41
Q

What happened to Christianity

A

Sharp decline of 8.2% to 43.9% of total population today (still dominant)

42
Q

Within Christianity, what group is the largest

A

Catholicism - 20% of the total population

43
Q

Which category is rising the fastest

A

No religion

44
Q

How much did those ‘secular’ rise

A

30.1% in 2016 to 38.9% in 2021 (very sharp incline)

45
Q

What is the main reason for Australi’s religious landscapes since 1945

A

Immigration patterns changing

46
Q

From 1911 to 2021 census, what was Christianity’s decline

A

From 96% of total population to 43.9%

47
Q

Name two examples how immigration contributed to the largest religious change thing name statistics

A

After WWII, some Jews left Europe

Abolishment of White Australia Policy in early 1970s = introduction of Multicultural Policy

Contributed ——> Buddhist(2.4%), Hindus(2.7%) and Muslims (3.2%)

48
Q

What is the fastest growing religious tradition in AUstralia today

A

Hinduism increasing by 0.8% since 2016

49
Q

Denominational switching

A

People change from one denomination to another (mainly in Christianity - but can happen across other religions)

50
Q

What is happening to the older churches

A

Losing younger people to Pentecostal churches

51
Q

What’s happening to Pentecostal churches despite what happened

A

They are slowing with a decline of 0.1% since 2021 despite younger people joining

52
Q

What is the term referred to Pentecostal churches

A

Revolving door syndrome - losing people as fast as they are gaining

53
Q

What is another reasons aside from immigration that has accounted for the changing patterns of religion in AUstralia

A

rise of New Age Religions

54
Q

New Age religions

A

Alternative to mainstream religions - less institutionalised, focuses on the individual

55
Q

Secularism

A

Movement which abandons religious perspectives in favour of a more non-religious response to life continues to rise

56
Q

What happened to no religion in 2021 census

A

Sharp increase of 8.8% - total of 38.9% of population identifying as no religion

57
Q

What can we deduce about Australia because of secularism

A

Australia is fast becoming a secular society

58
Q

Ecumenism

A

Doctrine that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different Christian denominations

SOR HSC (1 decks)

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