Positive Psychology Flashcards
What was the method for Stanley Milgram’s 1974 obedience to authority experiment?
Ordinary people delivered what they believed to be painful shocks to a stranger and increased the shocks despite protest from the stranger.
In 1974, who conducted a famous experiment on obedience to authority?
Stanley Milgram
What percentage of people in Stanley Milgram’s 1974 experiment on obedience to authority continued to obey the experimenter and deliver shocks of 450v?
66%
What does Stanley Milgram’s 1974 experiment suggest?
That ordinary people will go against their own judgement and moral values under minimal pressure from a legitimate authority.
Who is Aldolph Eichman?
Tried for crimes against humanity during the Holocaust death camps
What is Hanna Arendt’s famous phrase from 1963?
The Banality of Evil
What did the Hanna Arendt phrase “the banality of evil” from 1963 represent?
That those who carried out extraordinary acts of brutality during the Holocaust were not pathological monsters; they were just normal people following orders.
What is a basic Positive Psychology premise?
That the field of psychology is out of balance; focussing too much on the negatives in human behaviour than the positives.
Who was influential in the emphasis on Negative Psychology
Sigmund Freud
What was Sigmeund Freud influential in promoting about Negative Psychology
That beneath the veneer of everyday politeness and kindness lurked more self serving motives
What is one of the perspectives of Positive Psychology?
That positive qualities and motives are just as authentic as negative ones and they affirm the positive side of human nature.
What was a description of Positive Psychology, given by a student?
That positive psychology is pop psychology with a scientific basis
List the current topics in Positive Psychology
Happiness Love Hope Forgiveness Positive growth after trauma Health benefits of a positive attitude
What is the 2001 quote by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, and Vohs?
In human behaviour, the bad is stronger than the good
In 1990 Covert and Reeder, and also in 2001 Rozin and Royzman named the process of information about negative traits contributing more to how we think of others than positive traits or behaviours as what?
The trait negativity bias
What was said in 2003 by Reis and Gable
That the presence of conflict and negative behaviour makes a greater contribution to relationship satisfaction, or lack thereof, than does the positive behaviour
In 2005, what was said by Gable and Haidt?
Because positive events are more common, negative ones violate our expectations and as a result are given more attention
What was said in 2003, also by Reis and Gable, about a reflection on adaptive evolutionary behaviour?
We attend more to the bad than the good
Who made a comment about the attention grabbing power of negative social information in 1991?
Pratto and John
In 2002/2003 who argued that the dominance of the disease model in psychology had focused the field on treating illness and away from building strengths?
Martin Seligman
In 1998 who argued that psychology should be more than a repair shop for broken lives
Ryff and Singer
Who may have been the first contemporary psychologist to call this new perspective ‘positive psychology’?
Martin Seligman
Who at an American Psychological Association presidential address requested for a shift in psychology’s focus to positive psychology in 1998?
Martin Seligman
Seligman hoped his request for a change in Psychology, beyond that of the disease model, was to promote the study of healthy human functioning. What indicated this idea was well received?
A standing ovation
What is an early example of research presenting positive characteristics and positive functioning?
The Terman, Buttenweiser, Ferguson, Johnson, and Wilson experiment of gifted children and happiness in marriage
What year was the Terman experiment on gifted children and marital happiness conducted?
1939
In 1960 what style of Psychology began criticising the negative, traditional methods?
Humanistic Psychology
Name two Humanistic Psychologists
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
In 2004 Taylor and Sherman said what style of psychology shares much in common with Positive Psychology?
Health Psychology
