positiv Flashcards
eastern philosophy
The 4 noble truths
Eastern philosophy
The 4 noble truths
1 Suffering - Att vara en levande människa innebär en stor del fysiskt och psykiskt lidande, lidande som smärta, stress, ångest, död. Alla levande varelser är ibland i lidande. Vad är det som skapar lidande? Motvilja och begär, även impermanence, att vi klänger oss fast vid saker och vill att livet ska vara som det alltid vart.
2 The origin of suffering. En viktigt del av mänskliga lidandet är skapat av Craving, Clinging and Aversion. Då blir lidandet ökat. Människor har förmågan att förstå detta.
3 The Cessation of Suffering. Genom att förstå att rollen som Craving/clinging/aversion. Så är lycka möjligt. Om vi slutar att förstärka det som redan är dåligt och slutar att försöka undvika det oundvikliga. No selfishness, no desiring things that make us more unhappy, no fighting for social status, not being obsessed by the past and the future, etc.
4 On the way leading to the cessation. Den fjärde ädla sanningen säger att vägen till nirvana ä The eightfold path
åttafaldiiga vägen
Åttafaldiiga vägen
Samadi
Right effort 6
Striving to prevent that evil and mentally unhealthy/negative states arise and overcome them when they have arisen. Striving to produce mentally healthy/positive states and maintain them.
7
Right mindfulness:
Wakefulness, lucidity, alertness. Skillfully paying attention. Being intensely aware but without grasping or rejecting. Mindfulness of the breath, the body, sensations, outer world, emotions, thought, desires…
Right concentration: 8
Focusing trained in meditation to give stability to the mind. Leads to serenity and equilibrium, makes one less vulnerable to negative impulses, anxiety, and respond to problems with wisdom and compassion.
Vanliga komponenter i eudaemonia och hedonic i huvudsaklig positiv psykologi
Vanliga komponenter i eudaemonia och hedonic i huvudsaklig positiv psykologi
Definitions of hedonic contain:
PLEASURE
POSITIVE AFFECT, subjective wellbeing, emotionally wellbeing
ENJOYMENT
LIFE SATISFACTION
FEELING OF HAPPINESS
LOW STRESS
Definitions of eudaemonia contain:
Definitions of eudaemonia contain:
GROWTH / SELF REALIZATION / DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIALS..
MEANING/LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE/CONTRIBUTING TO A BRODER CONTEXT
AUTHENTICITY/AUTONOMY/ INTEGRITY
VIRTUE/USING THE BEST IN ONSELF
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS/ SOCIAL WELL-BEING
COMPETENCE/ ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY/ FLOW
AWARNESS/CONTEMPLATION/MINDFULNESS
The happiness formula H=S C V
H = happiness enduring, non momentary, looking your life as whole
S = biological setpoints, genetics and others psychobiological constants for wellbeing
C = external circumstances of your life aimed to increase wellbeing: money, work, social status, education, climate housing
V = voluntary activates performed to increase your internal wellbeing
C bara 10 procent
V 40 procent internal state of mind
Voluntary activities = intentional and effortful practices mediation, sport, using virtues and strengths (expressing gratitude, being compassionate, being brave.. finding flow.
Broden-and-build theory
Broden-and-build theory barbra fredriksson
The benefits of positive emotions, for long term growth and development.
Broaden our thought-action reportories, more and more varied positive thoughts, more creative, wee solutions, flexible
Undo negative emotions, joy weakens stress
Enhance resilience, help us cope better
Build psychological repertoire, reinforce social, physical, intellectual resources.
Can trigger an upward development spiral.
Positive emotions are not seen by Fredrickson as ends in themselves but as means for living a better life
These resources feed each other and as we put them into action, we generate yet morepositive emotions (such as feeling gratitude when thanking a friend for a gift or kindgesture), which in turn build yet more resources. And so the positive upward spiral ofbroadening and building takes us towards flourishing, allowing us to become our “bestversion of ourselves”.
The VIA Classification of Strengths and Virtue
Wisdom – this virtue incorporates strengths related to the acquisition and use of knowledge. creativity, perspective
Humanity – interpersonal strengths. love, kindness, social intellegence.
science of positive psychology operates on three different levels
Science of positive psychology operates on three different levels
The subjective level, the individual level and the group level.
The subjective level includes the study of positive experiences such as joy, well-being, satisfaction, contentment, happiness, optimism and flow. This level is about feeling good, rather than doing good or being a good person.
At the individual level, the aim is to identify the constituents of the ‘good life’ and the personal qualities that are necessary for being a good person
Group level, the emphasis is on civic virtues, social responsibilities, nurturance, altruism, civility, tolerance, work ethics, positive institutions and other factors that contribute to the development of citizenship and communities and reaching beyond oneself.
Emotional intelligence
Emotional intellegence
Refers to the capacity to recognize and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others close to us.
It is often claimed to be more important than IQ for career success and for achievement of one’s life goals.
Perceiving emotions This is an ability to identify emotional messages in facial expressions
Managing emotions Emotional management or regulation is not about eliminating troubling emotions (life would be limited if this was the case), but about learning how to gain control over them.
Hedonism
Aristippus njutning är meningen med livet, så mycket som möjligt med en gång. Nästan som dagens samhälle.
Aristippus: ´´the art of life lies in taking pleasures as they pass and the keenest pleasures are not intellectual, nor are they always moral´´
Målet är inte lycka eftersom det är tröttsamt att samla nöjen som ger glädje. Dygder är användbara endast om de genererar omedelbara nöjen.
Istället: välj njutningen på direkten istället för att vänta på mer lycka i framtiden.
Vilka är de troliga hedonistiska argumenten mot nutida självisk hedonism?
Gemensam självisk hedonism:
“Dina nuvarande nöjen kan förstöra dina framtia nöjen”
Moral hedonism: “dina egoistiska nöjen kan förstöra andras nöjen
Eudaemonism
Eudaemonism
Aristotele
The highest good = what is desirable for itself, is not desirable for the sake of some other good, and all other goods are desirable for its sake = happiness (eudaimonia)
Eudaimon har två meningar, eu betyder god och daimon betyder divinity
Att vara Eudaimon (lycklig/flourishing) är högsta målet och alla andra mål som hälsa, rikedom eftersträvas eftersom det främjar det, inte för att välbefinnande består av det.
What differentiates the humanity from other species is
our capacity to guide ourselves by using reason - to be intelligent, to think well.
Att leva väl (eudaimon) betyder att leva rationellt, vilket innebär att utveckla sina personlighets drag som människor behöver för att leva livet till det bästa/yttersta
Viktigt: Happiness is, hence, not an experience or a feeling, happiness is eudaemonia, is acting/being virtuous
Aristoteles:
But one needs also other goods, as friends, wealth, health, power, därför att ens eudaemonia är hotat om man är extremt fattig, ful, förlorat barn eller goda vänner
Epicurus 341-270 BC
Epicurus: pleasure is all that matters fo the good life.
However, not momentary pleasures but a life full of pleasure.
Therefore, we should not seek every pleasure, some pleasures generate later pain and we should not avoid all pains, because some lead to greater pleasures.
The aim of life is not maximizing pleasures but real pleasure is freedom from pain and distress = the highest pleasure.
(Högsta njutning är att vara en dygdig människa, generös, snäll, vänlig. Inte dricka alkohol. Vara en människa som är nykter och lugn) vara i trädgården och äta goda oliver med vänner och familj.
Epicurus is, in part, an eudaemonist because for him virtue is necessary for happiness. Still, he does not identify virtues activity, in whole or in part, with happiness (as the stoics or Aristotle do). Virtue is just an instruments for pleasure.
Stoicism
Njutning inte viktigt. Utveckla dygder är allt. Tyckte att cynikerna hade rätt, men var bekvämare.
The stoics held that virtue, wisdom, courage, justice and temperance is necessary and sufficient for happiness/eudaimonia. Pleasure has nothing to do with it. But it is sometimes just a preffered indifferent.
The virtues person, by simply being virtuous, has everything that matters for happiness, and thus can be deprived of wealth, health, pleasure… without losing what is sufficient for happiness: virtue
However things that are ´índifferents´´pleasure,money,status,power, sex.. can contribute to hapiness/euadimonia BUT only as a part of a virtuous life.
Exercising virtue implies understanding the real value of pleasure, money etc. by just, self-controlled, wise and courageous when in contact with these indiffirents
Kan ha funnit en historisk koppling med buddhismen, alexander den store va i indien och kan ha fått kontakt med buddhism. KBT inspirerat av Stoicism.
More wellbeing?
1 train your body 2 train your mind 3 be kind to others 4 value and thank for, what is positive in life and people 5 use virtues and strengths
Compassion
Existence is seen in Buddhism as characterized by impermanence and suffering
According to Buddha, there is no permanent, substantial, self and to get rid of the belief in its existence is a fundamental source of wellbeing.
Being free from egocentrism, selfishness, self-obsession… contributes to attain the highest forms of wellbeing.
Without self-obsession and selfishness, you experience the suffering of others as so important as your own (through compassion) and their happiness as important as yours (through lovingkindness).
Definitions of hedonia contain
Definitions of hedonia contain:
- Pleasure
- Positive affect, subjective wellbeing, emotional wellbeing
- Enjoyment •Life satisfaction
- Feelings of happiness
- Low distress/comfort/relaxation
