Positioning Flashcards
standard projections for a hand radiograph?
Dorsipalmar and oblique
centring point for a DP hand radiograph
3rd metacarpal-phalangeal joint
centring point for an oblique hand radiograph
centre over the head of the 5th metacarpal, angle tube to have central ray through the head of the third metacarpal
what anatomy to include for a hand radiograph
distal phalanges and soft tissue, lateral soft tissue, distal end of radius and ulna
standard projections for a finger radiograph
DP and lateral
centring point for a DP finger
centre over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the affected finger
what to include in a DP finger radiograph
include the affected finger and one adjacent finger, distal phalanges and soft tissue, distal 1/3 of metacarpals, lateral soft tissue
centring point for a lateral finger radiograph
centre beam over the PIP of the affected finger
standard projections for a wrist radiograph
a PA and lateral view
centring point for a PA wrist radiograph
centre beam midway b/w the ulnar and radial styloid processes
centring point for a lateral wrist radiograph
styloid process of the radius
anatomy to include for a wrist radiograph
include the proximal 2/3 of the metacarpals, the soft tissue laterally, the distal 1/3 of radius and ulna
what considerations must be made when moving from the PA wrist position to the lateral?
rotate the UL by the humerus so that the radius also moves, provides a new view of the ulna
what are the standard projections for radiograph of the forearm?
AP and lateral
what is the centring point for an AP forearm
centre the beam midway between the elbow and wrist joints
what is the centring point for the lateral forearm?
midway between the elbow and wrist joints
anatomy to include for a forearm radiograph?
include the wrist joint distally, elbow joint proximally, lateral soft tissues
standard projections for an elbow radiograph?
AP and lateral
centring point for an AP elbow
centre 2.5cm distal to the medial and lateral epicondyles in the midline
anatomy to include for an AP elbow
include the distal 1/3 of the humerus, the proximal 1/3 of radius, soft tissue laterally
centring point for a lateral elbow radiograph?
the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
standard projections for a humerus radiograph?
AP and lateral
Centring point for an AP humerus
midway between the elbow and the glenohumeral joint
anatomy to include for a humerus radiograph
elbow joint distally, glenohumeral joint proximally, lateral skin margins
centring point for a lateral humerus radiograph
midway between the elbow and glenohumeral joint
standard projections for a shoulder radiograph
AP, Y (lateral projection), superoinferior projection
how many degrees do you rotate patient for an AP shoulder?
rotate 15 degrees towards affected side
centring point for AP shoulder
coracoid process (2cm inferior to it)
what must you ensure for a y projection of shoulder
hand on tummy or back, medial and lateral borders of the scapula superimposed
centring point for y projection of the shoulder
centre to the glenohumeral joint
centring point for supero-inferior shoulder
centre of the glenohumeral joint
standard projections for tibia and fibula
AP and lateral
centring point for AP tib/fib
midshaft of the tibia
centring point for lateral tib/fib
midshaft of tibia
anatomy to include for a tib/fib radiograph
knee and ankle joints, lateral soft tissue
standard projections for radiograph of the foot
DP, DPO and lateral for ? foreign body
centring point for DP foot?
b/w cuboid/navicular joint (midways b/w palpable tuberosity of 5th metatarsal and navicular tuberosity)
angulation for DP foot radiograph?
place detector on a 15 degree foam pad to aid positioning, use vertical x-ray tube
detector parallel to table, angle tube cranially 15 degrees
degree and direction of rotation in a DPO foot radiograph
lean affected foot medially so the plantar aspect of the foot is 30-45 degrees from the detector
centring point for DPO foot
centre over the cuboid-navicular joint
lateral radiograph of foot centring point
centre over the point of entry if ? foreign body, if whole foot to be examined, centre over the navicular cuneiform joint
essential image characteristics of a foot radiograph
medial and lateral malleoli, tarsal, metatarsal bones, phalanges (prox, middle, distal), skin margins
standard projections of toes
DP and oblique
centring point for DP projection of toes
centre over the MTPJ of the affected toe, collimate to include the adjacent toe
describe DP to DPO toes
medially lean foot so plantar aspect 45 degrees to the receptor.
lateral great toe radiograph centring point
centre over the MTPJ
standard views for a scapula radiograph
AP and lateral
describe positioning and centring point for AP scapula
Patient’s back to Bucky, rotate 15 degrees towards affected side.
centre b/w inferior and superior border of the scapula at the midclavicular line
collimate to include the whole scapula and a bit of the glenohumeral joint
describe positioning and centring point for a lateral scapula
patient faces bucky, affected hand across chest, scapula parallel to the detector (body about 50 degrees from detector)
centre over middle of medial border of the scapula
