POSITION PAPER Flashcards
shows people’s views and sentiments
position paper
an essay that presents a person’s or group’s position or stand on a particular issue.
position paper
position paper is also called??
argumentative or manifesto
Its goal is to convince the reader of the acceptability of the writer’s position and it does so by:
presenting rational support
presenting counter-evidence
using emotional appeals
Components of the postion paper
issue
thesis
reasons
support
counterarguements
an idea or question over which people are divided
issue or controversy
expresses your stand or position on an issue
thesis/claim
to persuade readers to have the same position
reasons/arguments
evidence or ideas to substantiate to reasons
support
Classifications of support
facts, comparisons, examples, and opinions
It gives the arguments opposing your stand
counterarguments
What are the steps in writing a position paper?
- choose an issue
- collect information on the issue
3.organize your presentation
this can help you decide on your position or claim
collect information on the issue
- use the w questions
The position may be supported through two types of appeals:
logical and emotional
use of facts in order to support a position; it persuades the audience by targeting their thinking
logical appeal
this is the use of the audience’s feelings for the subject of the paper such as anger and pity - in order to persuade.
emotional appeal
types of logical appeal
-transitivity
-incompatibility
-reciprocity
-comparison
-generalization
-examples
-cause
-sign
involves three terms; A is B, B is C, thus A is C.
transitivity
what argument is this?
As an antioxidant, coffee is an anticancer substance
transitivity
type of argument presents two contradictory choices; A and B cannot be combined
incompatibility
President X cannot be pro-education as he claims to be.
incompatibility
individuals and situations that can be put together under the same category should be treated in the same way.
reciprocity
A person who is born in the Philippines and who has Filipino parents is classified as a citizen of the Philippines. As a citizen, such a person enjoys certain privileges reserved only for a country’s citizen, such as the right to vote and own property in the Philippines. Now suppose a foreigner goes through certain legal processes and becomes classified as a Filipino citizen .
reciprocity
two situations will have the same outcome because of the similarities between these situations.
comparison
- The RH Law will lead to the legalization of abortion in the Philippines.
- This was the case in Vietnam which enacted a similar law many years ago.
comparison
we use one member of population to make conclusions about the entire population.
generalization
Manny Pacquiao is a proof that the Philippines is a nation of good boxers.
generalizations
you use a group of examples- a sample- from that population to serve as your basis
examples
We see this type of argument whenever we encounter survey results.
examples
We see this type of argument whenever we encounter survey results.
cause
what are the two types of arguments from cause?
strong or sufficent
weak or necessary
the occurrence of the cause guarantees the existence of the effect.
strong/sufficient
If virus X is a weak cause for disease X, perhaps other factors contribute also like weak immune system and certain environmental condition.
weak/necessary cause
This arguments uses a sign or indicator X to argue for the existence of condition Y.
sign
We have fever because our body temperature reads 40ºC.
argument from sign
Types of Emotional Appeals
-bandwagon
-appeal to common folk
-false authority
-name calling or ad hominem
-association
The idea here is to convince people to “go with the flow” – everybody else is doing it, so you should follow, too.
bandwagon
the persuasion is done by pointing out that a person is no different from ordinary people, or that a product or idea is something that ordinary people would purchase or support.
appeal to common folk
which a person speaks as expert on something on which he/she has no expertise, as when an actor claims that he/she proved the efficacy of a brand of medicine through laboratory tests (as if he or she were a pharmacist or chemist)
false authority
uses labels with negative meanings to cast one’s opponent in a bad light
name calling or ad hominem
creating a link between one thing or idea and another one that people have a positive or negative feelings for
association
