Ports and Protocols

Question 1

What is ARP?

Answer 1

Address Resolution Protocol

Question 2

What is TCP

Answer 2

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 3

What is UDP

Answer 3

User Datagram Protocol

Question 4

What is BOOTP and what ports does it use?

Answer 4

Boostrap Protocol

udp/67 & 68
Automate the IP address configuration process

Question 5

What is DHCP and what ports does it use?

Answer 5

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

udp/67 & 68
Replaced BOOTP

Question 6

What is DNS and what port does it use?

Answer 6

Domain Name Services

udp & tcp/53
Convert domain names to IP addresses

Question 7

What is NTP and what port does it use?

Answer 7

Network Time Protocol

udp/123
Automatically synchronize clocks

Question 8

What is ICMP?

Answer 8

Internet Control Message Protocol

Send management messages between devices

Question 9

What is IGMP?

Answer 9

Internet Group Management Protocol

Manage membership of multicast groups

Question 10

What is SNMP and what port does it use?

Answer 10

Simple Network Management Protocol

udp/161
Gather statistics and manage network devices

Question 11

What is Telnet and what port does it use?

Answer 11

Telecommunications Network

tcp/23

Question 12

What is SSH and what port does it use?

Answer 12

Secure Shell

tcp/22
Encrypted console login

Question 13

What is RDP and what port does it use?

Answer 13

Remote Desktop Protocol

tcp/3389
Graphical display of remote device

Question 14

What is FTP and what port does it use?

Answer 14

File Transfer Protocol

tcp/20 & 21
Sends and receives files between systems

Question 15

What is TFTP and what port does it use?

Answer 15

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

udp/69
A very simple file transfer application

Question 16

What is SMTP and what port does it use?

Answer 16

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

tcp/25
transfer email between mail servers

Question 17

What is POP3 and what port does it use?

Answer 17

Post Office Protocol version 3

tcp/110
Receive mail into a mail client but does not store it on the server once it is delivered.

Question 18

What is IMAP4 and what port does it use?

Answer 18

Internet Message Access Protocol v4

tcp/143
Keeps the mail on the server AND delivers it.

Question 19

What is HTTP and what port does it use?

Answer 19

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

tcp/80
Web server communication

Question 20

What is HTTPS and what port does it use?

Answer 20

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

tcp/443
Web server communication with encryption

Question 21

What is TLS/SSL and what port does it use?

Answer 21

Transport Layer Security and Secure Socket Layer

tcp/443
Secure protocols for web browsing

Question 22

What is SIP and what ports does it use?

Answer 22

Session Initiation Protocol

tcp/5060-5061
VoIP signaling protocol

Question 23

What is RTP?

Answer 23

Real-time Transport Protocol

dynamic port
VoIP media stream

Question 24

EUI-48

Answer 24

Traditional Ethernet MAC Address (6 bytes)

00:21:70:6f:06:f2

Question 25

EU-64

Answer 25

IPv6 link-local auto configuration (8 bytes) 00:21:70:6f:06:f2:08:4f

Question 26

APIPA

Answer 26

Automatic Private IP Addressing 169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255

Question 27

STP

Answer 27

Spanning Tree Protocol * Prevent loops on a switched network * Switches commo using BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) * When a network topology change occurs, STP automatically adjusts to the change

Question 28

Link State Routing Protocol

Answer 28

Routes are based on availability, speed and other criteria Very scalable, used by large networks OSPF, IS-IS

Question 29

Distance-Vector Routing Protocol

Answer 29

Determines routes based on number of hops the deciding vector is distance RIP, RIPv2, BGP

Question 30

Hybrid Routing Protocol

Answer 30

A bit of link state and a bit of distance vector EIGRP

Question 31

BGP/IGP/EGP

Answer 31

Border Gateway Protocol ``` IGP = Interior Gateway Protocol EGP = Exterior Gateway Protocol ```

Question 32

Common Routing Metrics

Answer 32

Hop Count, Load, Packet Loss Load, MTU, Latency Throughput, Network Speed, Path Reliability Link Utilization

Question 33

DNS Resolution Process

Answer 33

1- Request sent to local name server 2- Name server qureies root server 3- Root response sent to local name server 4- Name server queries .com name server 5- .com response sent to local name server 6- Name server queries specific domain server 7- Domain server responds to name server 8- Name server provides result to local device 9- Answer is cached locally

Question 34

Types of DNS records

Answer 34

``` A and AAAA - Address MX - Mail Exchanger PTR - Pointer CNAME - Canonical Name NS - Name Server ```

Question 35

SSL VPN

Answer 35

Uses common SSL protocol Can be run from a browser or lightweight client

Question 36

PPTP

Answer 36

Point to Point Tunneling Protocol Just a tunnel (does not encrypt) Authenticates with MS-CHAPv2

Question 37

EAP

Answer 37

Extensible Authentication Protocol

Question 38

L2TP

Answer 38

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol ``` Another tunnel (no encryption) Add an encryption protocol for privacy Comonly used for endpoint connectivity ```

Question 39

CARP

Answer 39

Common Address Redundancy Protocol

Question 40

What is NNTP and what port does it use?

Answer 40

Network News Transfer Protocol tcp/udp 119

Question 41

What is TACACS and what port does it use?

Answer 41

tcp 49