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Ports and Harbors > Ports and Harbors > Flashcards

Ports and Harbors Flashcards

1
Q

Waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large scale sea floor movements associated sever shallow focus earthquake

A

Tsunami

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2
Q

The falling tide is known as

A

Ebb tide

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3
Q

The horizontal extension of the generating area in the direction of the wind is called

A

fetch

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4
Q

The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower low water is called

A

Diurnal range

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5
Q

The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar month is called

A

Spring tides

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6
Q

The datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts which is being used by the Phil. Ports Authority (PPA)

A

MLLW/ Mean Lower Low Water

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7
Q

The type of tide which will occur at or near the time when the moon is new or full is when the sun, moon, and earth fall in line and the tide-generating forces of the moon and sun are additive

A

Spring tide

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8
Q

The PPa requires that water level that guarantees about water depth for safety of the ships berthing on a certain ports and harbor below the mean lower low water should be equal to

A

0.15-0.40m

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9
Q

The PPa requires that the water level that guarantees water depth for the safety of the ships berthing on certain ports and harbors below the mean lower low water should be equal to

A

0.15-0.40m

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10
Q

When the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon form a right angle, that is the moon is in her quarters, then the actions of the moon and sun are subtractive, and the lowest tides of the month occur, this is called

A

Neap tide

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11
Q

Owing to the retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force as the earth revolves daily around its axis and as the tide tends to follow the direction of the moon, the highest tide for each location is not coincident with conjunction and opposition but occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This interval which may amount to as much as two and a half days is known as

A

Diurnal tide

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12
Q

Generally, the average interval between successive high tides, which is half the time between successive passages of the moon across a given meridian is

A

12 hrs. and 25 min.

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13
Q

The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar month when the sun, moon and earth fall in line

A

Spring tide

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14
Q

Tides that occur twice its lunar day is called

A

Semi-diurnal tides

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15
Q

High created waves caused by the rush of flood tide up a river or by meeting of tides are called

A

Tidal bores

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16
Q

The circulation of masses of air more or less parallel to the earth’s surface

A

Wind

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17
Q

Prevailing winds which are seasonal blowing in one direction over part of the year and in the opposite direction the remainder of the year

A

Monsoon

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18
Q

The side of a structure facing the direction from which the wind comes

A

Windward side

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19
Q

The opposite side of a structure facing the direction from which the wind comes

A

Leeward side

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20
Q

The graphical representation of the direction frequency and intensity of winds at a particular location over a period of time is known as

A

Wind rose

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21
Q

A scale use to measure the intensity and force of winds

A

Beaufort’s Scale

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22
Q

The periodic rise and fall of the ocean waters produced by the attraction of the moon and sun

A

Tides

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23
Q

Tides which occur only one high tide a day is called

A

Diurnal tides

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24
Q

If one of the two daily tide is incomplete, that is it does not reach the height of the previous tide, then the tides are referred to as:

A

Mixed diurnal tides

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25
Q

Harbors can bea broadly classified as:

A

Natural harbors, Semi-natural and artificial

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26
Q

A port is a harbor in which terminal facilities are provided. The different types of ports are as follows:

A

Ocean, Inland, Entry and Free port

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27
Q

The harbor entrance should, if possible, be located on the __________ of the harbor

A

lee side

28
Q

Generally the width of the harbor entrance should be

A

between 0.7-1.0 times the length of the design ship

29
Q

The maximum current velocity through the harbor entrance should not exceed

A

1.5m/s or 3 knots

30
Q

The stopping distance of a ship will depend on factors such as ship speed, displacement and shape of the hull, and horsepower ratio. The stopping distance of a loaded ship is

A

7 to 8 times the ship’s length

31
Q

When more than one ship has to be accommodated along the berth, a clearance length of ________ should be provided between the adjacent ships

A

0.1 times the length of the largest ship

32
Q

For a single-berth pier, the clear water area between two piers should be ___________ to allow for tugboat assistance

A

2 times the beam of the largest ship plus 30m

33
Q

For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a berth is _______ for berths at 45 deg

A

1.5 times the length of the ship

34
Q

For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a bert is ______ for berths at 90deg

A

2 times the length of the ship

35
Q

The safety distance between two moored tankers or moored tankers and a passing ship will depend upon the overall layout of the harbor, the number of tugboats assisting in the berthing or unberthing operation, the environmental conditions, and the population of the area. The safety distance between a moored oil tanker and a passing ship shall be

A

From 50-150m

36
Q

Waves continue to grow after they reach a velocity equal to ____ but at a decreasing rate

A

48.67

37
Q

The ratio of the wave length to its height for ocean waves is between

A

17 and 53

38
Q

A very long-standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide is called

A

Seiche

39
Q

Waves generated by storms, which occur outside the area of observation

A

Swells

40
Q

An open water of navigable depth is called

A

Fairway

41
Q

The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves is called

A

Clapotis

42
Q

A change in the dissection of travel of the wave with change in depth of water which distributes wave energy long the seashore unevenly is called

A

wave refraction

43
Q

Waves generated by wind that are acting on the sea surface bordering on the port side

A

wind waves

44
Q

Wind-generated waves which are created in the deep ocean at some distance from the port site and the wind taht created them may be too distant to be felt in the port or may have stopped blowing or changed, its direction by the time the wave reach the port

A

Swell waves

45
Q

Waves of this type have very long periods, typically from 30 sec up to the tidal period of 12 hr. 25 min. and are mostly found in enclosed or semi-enclosed basins such as artificial port basins or bays

A

Seiching waves

46
Q

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is greater than 0.5

A

Deep water waves

47
Q

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is less than 0.50 but greater than 0.40

A

Intermediate water waves

48
Q

Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is equal to or less than 0.40

A

Shallow-water wave

49
Q

Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of propagation of the wave itself.

A

Breaking waves

50
Q

The distance that the wind blows over the sea in generating the waves is known as

A

fetch

51
Q

The ratio of the wave height to its wave length is called

A

steepness

52
Q

The arithmetical mean value of the highest one-third of the waves for a stated interval

A

Significant wave height

53
Q

An abnormal rise of the sea level occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmospheric pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress

A

Storm surge

54
Q

Regular occurrence at certain locations are high crested single or solitary type of wave caused by the rush of flood tide up in the river or by the meeting of tides as in the Bay of Funday where the highest tide of ft is recorded in the world is referred to as:

A

Tidal bore

55
Q

A wave at a point where the water depth is equal to 1/2 of the wavelength or greater to be expressed in terms of the parameters of significant wave

A

Deep water wave

56
Q

A hypothetical wave having a wave height and period equal to respectively to average values of the wave height and period of the largest 1/3 of all waves in the train as counted in the order of greater wave height

A

Significant wave

57
Q

A maximum wave height and wave period of the maximum wave height in wave train

A

Highest wave

58
Q

The length between two consecutive crests is called

A

wave length

59
Q

The length between two consecutive crests is called

A

wave length

60
Q

The height between the trough and the crest of a wave is called

A

amplitude

61
Q

The wave form travels over the water surface and the time for two consecutive crests to pass a point is called

A

wave period

62
Q

The speed of the waveform which travels over the water surface for a certain wave period

A

Velocity of wave propagation

63
Q

The highest tides in the world where a rise of 100ft. has been recorded occur in

A

Bay of Funday

64
Q

The average of the higher high waters over a 19-year period is known as

A

Mean higher high water

65
Q

Average of the low water over a 19-year period is called

A

Mean low water

66
Q

The higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide day

A

Higher high water

Ports and Harbors (1 decks)

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