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Fortified Wines > Port > Flashcards

Port Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was the Douro demarcated?

A

1756

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2
Q

What organization supervises the wines made in Douro?

A

IVDP-Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto

Douro Port Wine Institute

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3
Q

What is the ‘Law of the Third’?

A

A decree that restricts sales of Port to 1/3 of a house’s inventory annually.

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4
Q

What does the IVDP do?

A

It supervises the promotion, production, and trade of all Porto and Douro wines.

Each year it sets a grower’s Beneficio authorization which dictates how much wine may be fortified in a given year.

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5
Q

How many points are there in a Beneficio matrix scoring system for rating Port vineyards?

What score means an ‘A’

A

2361

over 1200

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6
Q

How many tiers are there to the Beneficio Matrix?

Which Beneficio rating tiers may not fortify any Port at all?

A

Nine, A B C D E F G H I

G, H, & I

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7
Q

What is the name of the method used to score Port vineyards?

How many factors are there in each category?

A

Moreira da Fonseca Method

7 for soils and climate
5 for the vine

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8
Q

What are the factors for evaluating a vineyard in regards to soil and climate for Port production?

A

Location, Altitude, Exposure, Bedrock, Rough Matter, Slope, Shelter

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9
Q

What factors are considered in evaluating a vine for Port production?

A

Type, density, yield, training system, age

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10
Q

What 8 red grapes can be used for Port production?

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Francesa
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Amarela
Bastardo
Mourisco Tinto

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11
Q

What 6 grapes can be used for white port production?

A

Gouveio
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Esgana Cao
Folgasao

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12
Q

What is a lagare?

A

A traditional granite trough for foot stomping grapes in the Douro.

Like the ones you saw at Quinta do Noval

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13
Q

How will fermentation take place for Port?

A

Over the first couple days, the grapes are destemmed, crushed, and stomped, attempting to maximize color extraction and flavor before fortifying.

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14
Q

What is used to fortify the must?

What is the name for this process in Porto and also in France?

A

Aguardente, neutral grape spirit (77%)

Beneficio or Mutage

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15
Q

By what method are rose ports produced?

A

Maceration.

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16
Q

To what ABV will a Port be fortified to?

A

19-22% ABV

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17
Q

What is the key factor when describing a Ruby Port versus a Tawny Port?

A

bottle age versus barrel age

A ruby port starts off in barrel, very large ones to minimize oxidation, but is transferred to bottle after 2-3 years.

18
Q

How common is a vintage ruby Port?

A

Not very. It will be 1-3% of production and only in exceptional vintages. Must be authorized by the IVDP.

19
Q

What is a Single Quinta Vintage Port?

A

A vintage Ruby that is from 1 estate (quinta). declared for specific estates when their harvest was much more promising than the general vintage itself.

20
Q

What is a Late Bottle Vintage Port?

A

A Ruby that ages longer than the 2-3 years before bottling, typically 4-6, and has some Tawny notes to it.

21
Q

What does ‘Envelhecido em Garrafa’ mean?

A

Used to designate a Superior LBV Port, unfiltered, with a minimum 3 years bottle age.

22
Q

While a basic Tawny Port won’t age extensively, the next step up, a Reserve Tawny, has aged for how long?

A

minimum 7 years in cask, blended with several other vintages when released.

23
Q

A bottle of Tawny Port with age indicated, is telling you exactly what about the juice contained within, when a ‘10 year’, ‘20 year’, label is applied?

A

That the wine tastes like it should for that age designation. It doesn’t mean the exact age or average age.

24
Q

How are Tawnies produced?

A

Aged in smaller casks than Rubies are, to highlight the oxidation over time, they are racked and refreshed once annually with more wine and spirit.

Blended prior to bottling.

25
Q

What is a Colheita Tawny Port?

A

Used so you know the style, its a vintage Port that has spent a minimum 7 years in cask. Often not bottled until an order is received.

26
Q

What is a Port barrel typically referred to as?

A

A pipe.

27
Q

How were the Port vintages of 2021 and 2020?

A

2021-many single quinta vintages but not widely declared. small crop, fresh cooler year (3*)

2020-not widely declared but big broad lush Ports for those that could make them. Hot year, small crop. (3*)

28
Q

How were the Port vintages of 2019 and 2018?

A

2019-a bit cooler this year, many single quinta bottles. good vintage (3*)

2018-warm dry year, a notch better than ‘19-‘21. No general declaration but concentrated quality wines. (4*)

29
Q

How were the 2017 and 2016 Port vintages?

A

Both were generally declared. 5*. Excellent quality, warm dry growing season.

30
Q

How were the 2015 and 2014 Port vintages?

A

2015 was solid, on par with 19 and 20. Single quinta wines abound but not a general vintage (3*)

2014 was ok. A decent year with rain around harvest time. Racy elegant wines (2*)

31
Q

How were the Port Vintages of 2011, 2012, and 2013?

A

2013- vintages were rare, really wet come September. (1*)

2012-decent vintage, lots of single quinta wines (2*)

2011-legendary benchmark vintage. both power and elegance. (5*)

32
Q

Name two awful years for Port since 2000.

A

2002, 2006

33
Q

What older vintages for Port would you recommend since before 2000? Give 1 for each decade.

A

1994
1983
1970

34
Q

Any great Port vintages to recommend from 2000-2010?

A

2000 was epic
2003 was almost as epic

35
Q

Who owns the Single Quinta Port Quinta de Vargellas?

A

Taylor Fladgate

36
Q

Who owns the Single Quinta Port Quinta dos Malvedos?

A

Grahams

37
Q

Who owns the single quinta port Quinta do Vesuvio?

A

Symington family

38
Q

Who owns the single quinta port Quinta do Bomfim?

A

Dow’s

39
Q

Who owns the single quinta port Quinta da Cavadinha?

A

Warre’s

40
Q

Who owns the single quinta port Quinta da Roeda?

A

Croft

Fortified Wines (3 decks)

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