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Animal diversity I > Porifera > Flashcards

Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

what are the names for the body walls of the poriferans?

A

pincoderm/ dermal epithelium

chaonoderm / gasteral epithelium

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2
Q

what are the body walls made of

A

pinacocytes/ porocytes

chaonocytes/ collar cells/ flagellated cells

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3
Q

what is the middle layer called

A

mesohyal / mesenchyma

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4
Q

what are the functions of the chaonocytes

A 
food trap
water movement
temporary trapping of sperm
incomplete digestion
filter-feeding
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5
Q

where does the complete digestion of the food takes place

A

in amoebocytes

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6
Q

what is the mode of digestion in case of poriferons

A

the digestion is intracellular, first in the choanocytes and then in the amoebocytes

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7
Q

what is the sexual status of `Porifera

A

they are bisexual/hermaphrodite

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8
Q

although poriferans are bisexual/ hermaphrodite there is the presence of cross-fertilization

A

because of protogynous

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9
Q

if the choanocytes of the Porifera is removed which system is most affected?

A

digestive system

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10
Q

what is the method of the circulation in Porifera

A

wandering amoebocytes digest the food and distribute among the different part of the body

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11
Q

what are the different structure that arises from the amoebocytes

A 
C(2)MSAT(2)PGG
Chromocytes
Collencytes/Lophocytes
Myocytes
Scleroblast/sclerocytes
Archeocytes
Thesocytes
Trophocytes
Phagocytes
Germ cells /sex cells
Gland cells
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12
Q

what is the function of

  1. Archeocytes
  2. Trophocytes
  3. Scleroblast/sclerocytes
  4. Chromocytes
  5. Myocytes
A
  1. Gemmule formation
  2. Nurse cells/ circulation of the digested food
  3. Spicule formation
  4. Contains pigment granules and the excretory material
  5. Myocytes are present around the mouth of the osculum which helps for the opening and closing of the mouth
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13
Q

What is the universal character of all the sponges

A

presence of spongocoel

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14
Q

what are the different types of sclereoblast found in the Poriferans?

A
  1. calcoblast- forms calcareous spicules made up of CaCO3
  2. silicoblast- forms silicious spicules made up of silicic acid
  3. spongioblast - forms spongin fibres made up of spongin protein
    [no biaxon spicules are found in the Poriferans only uniaxon spicules are present]
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15
Q

what kind of spicules are found in

  1. sycon
  2. euplectella
  3. spongilla
  4. leucosolenia
  5. euspongia
  6. hyalonema
A 
calcareous
silicious 
spongin fibre
calcareous
spongin fibre
silicious
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16
Q

what type of spicules are found in
calcaeria
hexactinellida
demospongia

A

Calcarea: calcareous spicule

hexactinellid: siliceous spicule
demosponge: siliceous or spongin fibre or both

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17
Q

what is the function of thesocytes

A

it stores food in form of glycogen

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18
Q

in which part of the amoebocytes does the digestion of the food takes place

A

it takes place in the food vacuoles

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19
Q

which kind of regeneration is found in the poriferans

A

morphallaxis

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20
Q

what is the difference between morphallaxis and epimorphosis

A

each individual part gives rise to the whole organism

capacity to regain the lost part of the body

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21
Q

difference between the internal bud and external bud

A 
Internal bud
Gemmule
Gemmulation
Spongilla (freshwater sponge)
Endogenous budding
Unfavourable condition
External bud
Gemma
Gemmation
Sycon
Leucosolenia
Exogenous budding
Favourable condition
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22
Q

what is micropyle

how many layers of covering is present in the bud

A

opening of the bud which leads to the archeocytes

2

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23
Q

what kind of fertilization is found in the poriferans

A

internal and cross fertilization

24
Q

what is the larval stage of sycon and leucosolenia and which one is hollow and which one is solid

A

sycon - amphiblastula (hollow)

leucosolenia - parenchymula (solid)

25
Q

what are the different type of canal system found in the Porifera

A

Ascon type
Sycon type
Leucon type/Ragon type

26
Q

why is the leucon type canal system also called the ragon type canal system

A

ragon is the larval stage of organism and the canal system present in them is the ragon type canal system when the organism matures and changes into the adult the ragon type of canal system changes to the leucon type of canal system so, considering the larval stage it is also called the ragon type

27
Q

which is the most primitive canal system and which organism has it

A

ascon type

found in leucosolenia

28
Q

which organism contains the sycon type of canal system

A

sycon and grantia

29
Q

which contains the ragan/leucon type of canal system

A

euplectella and spongilla

30
Q

what are the main function of the canal system

A

nutrition
excretion
respiration
reproduction (minor)

31
Q

what is the path for the flow of water in the ascon type

A

ostia
spongocoel
osculum
exit

32
Q

what is the path for the flow of water in the sycon type

A 
ostia 
incurrent canal 
prosopyle
radial canal
apopyle
spongocoel
osculum
exit
33
Q

what is prosopyle and which cells form them

A

passage between incurrent canal and the radial canal

formed by the porocyte cells

34
Q

what is apopyle

A

passage between the radial canal and the spongocoel

35
Q

what is the radial canal of the sycon type canal system lined by

A

chaonocytes

36
Q

what is the spongocoel of the sycon type canal system lined by

A

endopinacocytes

37
Q

what is the incurrent canal of the sycon type canal system lined by

A

pinacocytes

38
Q

which is the solitary one

which one is the colonial

A

sycon

leucosolenia

39
Q

smallest porifera

largest porifera

tallest porifera

A

leucosolenia
specio spongia
paterian patera

40
Q

what is the habit of larva and adult of porifera

A

motile

sessile

41
Q

what is the grade of organization of sponges

A

cellular

42
Q

what type of symmetry is found in sponges

A

asymmetrical mostly few radially symmetrial (sycon and leucosolenia)

43
Q

what is the name and function of the myocytes present around the osculum

A

oscular fringes

work as valve

44
Q

are porifera found in colder or warmer water

A

found in warmer water never found in colder water

45
Q

what is the largest class in Porifera

A

demospongia

46
Q

what is the habitat of porifera

A

marine few fresh water like spongilla

47
Q

who termed porifera

who found the animal nature of the sponge

who found the regeneration of the sponge

A

Robert E. Grant

John Ellis

H.W. Wilson

48
Q

what is the group of porifera called

A

Parazoa

49
Q

why is the study of Porifera called

A

Parazoology

50
Q 
name the following
crown sponge
venous basket flower
glass rope sponge
bath sponge
fresh water sponge
boring sponge
mermaid's glove/ deadman's finger
A 
sycon
euplectella
hyalonema
spongia
spongilla
cliona
chalina
51
Q

in which sponge is osculum numerous

A

spongia

52
Q

in which sponge are the symbiotic association with epizoanthus and polythoa seen

A

in hyalonema, it contains the gastral cone on the upper part and the tuft of spicules following it where there is the presence of the symbiotic relation between the polyps of anemone and the Porifera

53
Q

in which sponge is a symbiotic association with the algae seen

A

spongilla, because of with they have the different shades of green colour in them

54
Q

what is the hypothetical ansestor of sponges

A

olynthus

55
Q

what is proterospongia

A

connecting link between protozoa and porifera

56
Q

what are the different type of spongia

A

euspongia(horny sponge) and hippospongia(horse sponge)

Animal diversity I (2 decks)

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