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B6 > Populations and sustainability > Flashcards

Populations and sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

2 animals found in the Tera Region (South of Nepal)?

A
  • Bengal tiger
  • Greater one-horned rhinoceros (endangered)
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2
Q

What’s the forest in the Terai Region under pressure from?

A
  • expansion of agriculture into forested areas
  • grazing from farm animals
  • overexploitation of forest + resources
  • replacing traditional crops with modern ones
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3
Q

What does the forest provide locals with? (TR)

A
  • fuel
  • building materials
  • tools
  • medicines
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4
Q

What have the WWF and the Nepalese gov done to ensure conservation and development? (TR)

A
  • introduced initiatives in which locals can exploit and look after forest
  • have created forest corridors ( needed for dispersal and survival of tigers)
  • counteract poachers and illegal felling
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5
Q

What has the WWF Scheme done to reduce demand for firewood? (TR)

A
  • introduced biogas plants and wood efficient stoves
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6
Q

What has the Terai arc project done?

A
  • built waterholes
  • monitored endangered species
  • eradicated invasive species
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7
Q

Has community involvement combined with governmental and non- governmental (WWF) leadership been successful? (TR)

A

Yes. Bengal tigers are using corridors and their population is steadily growing.

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8
Q

What has happened to the density bof goat and sheep compared to the density of wildlife in Maasai Mara (Kenya)?

A
  • density of wildlife has dropped
  • density of goat and sheep has increased
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9
Q

Why did farmers consolidate their land to form conservancies? (MM)

A
  • to generate tourist income
  • conservancies receive payment for wildlife conservation (PWC) schemes.
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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of conservancies? (MM)

A
  • livestock must be moved out of reserve during tourist season where no one receives PWC.
  • farmers have constraints on how they use their land
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11
Q

why has the human population in the Galapagos Islands grown?

A

increased demand for marine products and ecotourism.

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12
Q

What’s happening to some of the species in the GI?

A

50% of vertebrate species and 25% of plant species are endangered

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13
Q

how has the GI been disturbed?

A
  • more waste, pollution and demand for oil
  • oil spill in 2001 negatively affected marine ecosystems
  • building and conversion of land for agriculture has caused destruction and fragmentation of habitats.
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14
Q

How have the resources in the GI been exploited?

A
  • in 19th century, 200,000 tortoises killed in less than half a century.
  • Charles Darwin Research Station has a captive breeding programme to increase their numbers
  • death of many sharks due to market for shark fins
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15
Q

What are the effects of introduced species on the GI?

A
  • alien species out- compete, eat, bring disease, destroy habitats of native species
  • cats hunt lava lizard + young iguanas.
  • red quinine out compete native trees
  • goats feed on giant-tortoise food supply and disrupt their nesting sites
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16
Q

How have the effects of human activity in the GI been managed?

A
  • Charles Darwin Research Station search arriving boats and tourists for foreign species
  • natural predators released to reduce no of pests
  • culling (slaughter) against feral goats and pigs
  • there are zones where no extraction of resources is allowed
17
Q

What are the issues concerning Krill in the antarctica?

A
  • modern technology means that large amounts of krill can be harvested very quickly
  • natural predators can’t adapt as easily to find krill elsewhere
18
Q

How is overexploitation of krill controlled? (A)

A
  • There’s a trigger level catch size in particular areas
  • fishing conducted equally across all areas, up to the total catch limit
19
Q

Protected areas in Antarctica

A
  • within sanctuaries, it’s illegal to hunt and kill whales
  • monitoring whaling activity to ensure sanctuary is effective
20
Q

How does long-line fishing kill Albatrosses and Petrels (birds) and is it prevented? (A)

A
  • they swallow the hooks
  • weighted lines used which sink more quickly and used at night to avoid breeding, nesting and feeding times
21
Q

What are farmers given financial incentives for in The Lake District?

A
  • reduce chemical use
  • safeguard hedges
  • take care of habitats present
22
Q

Why are spruce and pine trees an issue in LD and what’s the solution?

A
  • support limited biodiversity
  • SOLUTION - generate more varied planting and felling patterns
23
Q

Why are invasive trees (like laurel) an issue in LD and what’s the solution?

A
  • their dense canopy blocks sunlight reaching floor and roots produce toxic chemicals which stop other plants growing
    SOLUTION - invasive plant species physically removed
24
Q

What are the issues concerning mires in LD and what’s the solution?

A
  • mires (habitat for lichens, mosses) provide breeding ground for moorland birds.
  • mires under threat from burning, grazing and drainage for agriculture
  • peat extraction also threatens habitat
    SOLUTION - mires rewetted and grazing controlled in areas with rare plants
25
Q

What are the issues concerning cliff communities in LD and what’s the solution?

A
  • provide habitat for wheatear and nesting site for golden eagle
  • damaged by walkers and climbers
    SOLUTION - seasonal restrictions on walking, paths well maintained to prevent people walking off them.
26
Q

Why are good paths maintained in Snowdonia National Park?

A
  • so rare plants are not trodden on
27
Q

Why is rubbish maintained in Snowdonia National Park?

A
  • gutters become blocked by rubbish causing erosion of paths
28
Q

What are farmers encouraged to do in SNP?

A
  • plant hedges
  • conserve ancient woodland
29
Q

What have farmers done on mountains?

A

reduced sheep grazing

30
Q

What are the issues concerning farmers digging open drainage ditches in SNP and what’s the solution?

A
  • causes poor water quality in rivers and increases flood risk
    SOLUTION - ditches blocked by hale bales
31
Q

concerning conifers being planted as cash crops in SNP and what’s the solution?

A
  • dries out moorland
    SOLUTION - block drainage ditches to slow water flow and keep land moist.
32
Q

define carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that can be maintained over a period in a habitat

33
Q

define limiting factor

A

factor whose magnitude slows down the rate of a natural process if it’s at low levels

34
Q

define preservation

A

maintenance of habitats and ecosystems in their present condition, minimising human impact

35
Q

define conservation

A
  • the protection and management of ecosystems so that their natural resources can be used without them running out
  • involves human intervention
36
Q
A

B6 (11 decks)

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