Populations and Samples

Question 1

A nonrandom sampling method in which “quotas” for certain subgroups, based on sample characteristics, are established to increase the representativeness of the sample.

Answer 1

Quota sampling

Question 2

Selection of the most readily available persons as participants in a study.

Answer 2

Convenience sampling

Question 3

The selection of sampling units (e.g., people) from a population using nonrandom procedures (e.g., convenience and quota sampling).

Answer 3

Non-probability sampling

Question 4

The selection of sampling units (e.g., participants) from a population using random procedures (e.g., simple random sampling); every member or element has a probability higher than zero or being selected for the sample; involves random selection process

Answer 4

Probability sampling

Question 5

A particular group of individuals or elements who are the focus of research

Answer 5

population

Question 6

An entire set of individuals or elements who meet the sampling criteria

Answer 6

target population

Question 7

the portion of the target population to which the researcher has reasonable access

Answer 7

accessible population

Question 8

selecting a group of people, events, behaviors, or other elements with which to conduct a study

Answer 8

sampling

Question 9

sampling method; defines the selection process; members of the sample can be called subjects (quantitative) or participants (qualitative); strategies used to obtain a sample to generalize to target population; designed to increase representativeness

Answer 9

sampling plan

Question 10

extending the findings from the sample under study; the extent is influenced by the quality of the study and consistency of the study’s findings

Answer 10

generalization

Question 11

randomly selecting elements (or subjects) from the sampling frame; basic and most common

Answer 11

simple random sampling

Question 12

researcher knows some of the variables that are critical for achieving representativeness

Answer 12

stratified random sampling

Question 13

used in large studies when population is spread out; sampling frame developed to include a list of the states, cities, organizations, that would possess the identified population elements

Answer 13

cluster sampling

Question 14

select every kth individual on the list using a randomly selected starting point; how many in sample desired?

Answer 14

systematic sampling

Question 15

convenience sampling and quota sampling are components of…

Answer 15

quantitative research

Question 16

purposive sampling and network sampling are components of…

Answer 16

qualitative research

Question 17

Selection of the most readily available persons as participants in a study; most likely used

Answer 17

convenience sampling

Question 18

A nonrandom sampling method in which “quotas” for certain subgroups, based on sample characteristics, are established to increase the representativeness of the sample

Answer 18

quota sampling

Question 19

A nonprobability sampling method in which the researcher selects participants based on personal judgment about who will be most informative.

Answer 19

purposive sampling

Question 20

characteristics essential of the target population for the study participation; eligibility, criteria, inclusion vs. exclusion, representativeness

Answer 20

sampling criteria

Question 21

percentage of subjects who consented to be in the study

Answer 21

acceptance rate

Question 22

percentage of subjects who declined to participate in the study

Answer 22

refusal rate

Question 23

withdrawal or loss of subjects from a study

Answer 23

sample attrition

Question 24

number of subjects who remain in and complete a study

Answer 24

sample retention