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Ap Hug > Populations > Flashcards

Populations Flashcards

1
Q

Define natural increase rate (NIR):

A

The percentage by which the population grows in a year.

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2
Q

What is a NIR

A

Natural increase rate

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3
Q

Define doubling time

A

The number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

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4
Q

Define life expectancy:

A

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live.

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5
Q

Define crude birth rate (CBR)

A

The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society.

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6
Q

What is CBR ?

A

Crude Birth Rate

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7
Q

Define crude death rate (CDR):

A

The total number of death in a year for every 1000 people alive in society.

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8
Q

What is CDR ?

A

Crude death rate

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9
Q

Define demography:

A

how people are distributed spatially by age gender occupation fertility health and so on.

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10
Q

Define total fertility rate (TFR):

A

Measure the number of births in society .

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11
Q

What is TFR ?

A

Total Fertility rate

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12
Q

Demographic transition

A

The process of societies population from high crude birth and death rates low rate of natual inreases and higher total population.

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13
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

involved major improvements in manufacturing goods delivering them to the market .

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14
Q

Define sex ratio:

A

The number of males per 100 femlaes in the population .

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15
Q

Define maternal mortality rate:

A

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravate by pregnancy or its management.

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16
Q

population pyramid:

A

Bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender.

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17
Q

Define infant mortality rate (IMR):

A

Annual number of death of infants under the age of one compared to the totoal live birth.

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18
Q

What is IMR ?

A

infant mortality rate

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19
Q

Define elderly support ratio:

A

The number of working age people from 15-64 divided by the number of people 65 and older.

20
Q

Differentiate between mobility, migration, and circulation:

A

Migration is a permanent move to a new location. Migration is a form of mobility. Mobility is a more general term covering all types of movements from one palace to another.

21
Q

Differentiate between emigration and immigration:

A

Emigration is from a location and immigration is to a location.

22
Q

What is net migration?

A

The difference between the number of immigration and the number emigrants .

23
Q

What does a positive number mean and what is the specific term for this?

A

A positive number means when the number of immigrants exceeds the emigrants. Also the region has net immigration.

24
Q

What does a negative number mean and what is the specific term for this?

A

A negative number means the emigrant exceed the number of immigrants and the region has net out migration.

25
Q

Define international migration

A

A permanent move from one country to another.

26
Q

What is Wilbur Zelinsky’s Migration Transition Model?

A

Changes in society comparable to those in demographic transitions.

27
Q

What country has the most foreign-born residents?

A

The United States has more foreign born residents then any other country.

28
Q

Other countries/regions have higher rates of in-migration. Name three:

A

South west Asia
Canada
Australia

29
Q

Identify two of Ravenstein’s most important “laws of migration”.

A

Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country.

Long distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity.

30
Q

What are the two types of international migration?

A

Voluntary migration
the migrant has chosen to move usually for economic reasons though sometimes for environmental reasons.

Forced migration
migrant has been compelled to move by cultural or environmental factors.

31
Q

What are the two types of internal migration? What has been the main type of each in recent years?

A

interregional migration
moving from one region of a country to a different region in the same country. The main type has been from rural to urban areas in search of jobs.

intraregional migration
movement within the same region. The main type has been within urban areas from older cities to newer cities.

The main type that has been used in recent years interregional migration.

32
Q

Today, the main type of interregional migration is from rural to urban because ….

A

Most jobs, especially in services, are clustered in urban areas.

33
Q

Recent immigrants to the U.S. are not distributed evenly across the country, but rather half of immigrants settle in the following 4 states:

A

California
New York
Florida
Texas

34
Q

Define population center:

A

Average location of everyone in the country.

35
Q

In recent years, interregional migration has slowed down because…

A

regional differences in employment. The severe recession of 08 and 09 discouraged people from migrating because of the limited job prospects in all regions.

36
Q

Which is more common: intraregional or interregional migration?

A

Intraregional migration is more common.

37
Q

How does intraregional migration differ between developed and developing countries?

A

Most intraregional migration is from rural areas to urban areas in developing countries and from cities to suburbs in developed countries.

38
Q

What are Ravenstein’s laws regarding the reasons people migrate?

A

The reasons why people migrate according to Ravenstein’s laws are because of economic reasons and cultural and environmental reasons.

39
Q

Identify and define the three groups of people who migrate for political reasons. Additionally, identify the UN statistics regarding how many people world-wide are in each group.

A

A refugee
has been forced to migrate to another country to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or other disasters and cannot return for fear or persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion.

Internationally displaced person
has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.

asylum seekers
someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee.

40
Q

Identify/give examples of environmental pull factors:

A

Induced people to move into a new location.

Moving to places with a more favorable climate and lower risk of natural disasters.

41
Q

Identify/give examples of environmental push factors:

A

induced people to move out from their present location.

Earthquakes,hurricanes, or flash floods

42
Q

Define floodplain:

A

is an area subject to flooding during a specific number of years based on the historical trends.

43
Q

(referring to floodplain) Examples (where?):

A

The Mekong River Delta in Vietnam is a case of a floodplain that nearly covers the entire country

44
Q

Define desertification:

A

Deterioration of land to a desert- like condition typically due to a human action.

45
Q

referring to desertification Examples (where?):

A

Sahel Region, Northern Africa

46
Q

Impact on migration:

A

The pressure for inhabitants to flee rises, with a high percentage migrating to cities, the agricultural frontier, or to other countries, primarily in the North.

Ap Hug (1 decks)

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