population studies (birth and death rate)

Question 1

difference in birth rate in developing vs developed countries

Answer 1

high in developing countries, low in developed countries

Question 2

difference in death rate in developing vs developed countries

Answer 2

high in developing countries, low in developed countries

Question 3

how many factors contribute to high birth rate in developing countries

Answer 3

12

Question 4

factors contributing to high birth rate in developing countries

Answer 4

traditional/religious beliefs and customs, absence of old age security, adherence to religious doctrine, agrarian-based economy, high infant mortality rate, absence of family planning programmes, political, low literacy rate, rural setting/environment, disempowerment of illiterate women, early marriages, increase in land productivity and food production

Question 5

describe how traditional/religious beliefs and customs contribute to a high birth rate

Answer 5

• sons retain the family name while daughters need dowry to be paid, hence it is preferred to have a male heir while daughters are seen as a liability
• adds status in community for having sons
• couples continue having children until they succeed in having sons

Question 6

describe how absence of old age security contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 6

• people are not looked after through pensions or healthcare services and children are viewed as security when parents reach old age

Question 7

describe how adherence to religious doctrine contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 7

• some in the muslim and roman catholic religions oppose artificial birth control

Question 8

describe how agrarian-based economy contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 8

• children are regarded as assets and provide labour in farms to help bring additional income
• low cost to raise children

Question 9

describe how high infant mortality rate contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 9

• medical and health services are poor, hence parents give birth to as many children as possible to ensure more survive to adulthood

Question 10

describe how absence of family planning programmes contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 10

• no investment in sex education
• lack of information about birth control / family planning

Question 11

describe how political factors contribute to a high birth rate

Answer 11

• government offers inducements and concessions to have large families

Question 12

describe how low literacy rate contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 12

• ignorance or lack of education on family planning and knowledge on birth control
• low social awareness
• little opportunity for employment
• limited choice of action

Question 13

describe how rural setting / environment contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 13

• availability of space to carry a large family
• low expenses to raise children due to low cost of living

Question 14

describe how early marriages contribute to a high birth rate

Answer 14

• average marriage age in developing countries around 15
• women who marry young have more children since they have more child-bearing years

Question 15

describe how increase in land productivity and food production contributes to a high birth rate

Answer 15

• methods of cultivation have alleviated starvation and famine

Question 16

how many factors contribute to low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 16

5

Question 17

factors that contribute to low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 17

birth control, low infant mortality rate, high literacy rate, increased desire for material possession, women being more career-oriented

Question 18

describe how birth control contributes to a low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 18

• widely practised
• include abortion, sterilisation, use of contraceptives

Question 19

describe how low infant mortality rate contributes to a low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 19

• less pressure to have children since healthcare is better and children will most likely survive

Question 20

describe how high literacy rate contributes to a low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 20

• sex education is practiced
• children have a long education creating delays in having children
• increased mechanics action leads to fewer labourers and hence less kids needed
• with economic development, industrialisation and urbanisation, more people work in offices and factories where children cannot work until they are re older

Question 21

describe how increased desire for material possession contributes to a low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 21

• as wealth increases, people have a greater aspiration for material things such as cars
• it is easier to achieve and maintain a high standard of living with a small family

Question 22

describe how women being more career-oriented contributes to a low birth rate in developed countries

Answer 22

• women are more educated and liberated and do not see their role as that of only bearing children
• unwilling to give up careers to start a family early - shorter child bearing years
• some choose to remain single

Question 23

how many factors contribute to high death rate in developing countries

Answer 23

5

Question 24

factors that contribute to high death rate in developing countries

Answer 24

• diseases and plague
• famine, uncertain food supplies, poor diet
• poor hygiene (no piped water or sewage disposal)
• little medical science (few doctors, hospitals, drugs)
• natural disasters

Question 25

how many factors contribute to low death rate in developed countries

Answer 25

8

Question 26

factors contributing to low death rate in developed countries

Answer 26

modern and readily available services, increase in land productivity and food production, good hygiene and sanitation, advanced medical and healthcare services, knowledge about healthy living good diet and exercise, lower population densities and improvement in living conditions, increasing wealth and standard of living, political stability and internal security

Question 27

describe how modern and readily available services contribute to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 27

• clean water, electricity and sanitation
• minimises transmission of water-borne diseases and occurrences of epidemics

Question 28

describe how increase in land productivity and food production contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 28

• starvation and famine are alleviated due to different methods of cultivation

Question 29

describe how good hygiene and sanitation contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 29

• people are less prone to falling sick and contracting diseases if their living spaces are clean and sanitary
• people clean themselves with a clean supply of water and modern flush toilets

Question 30

describe how advanced medical and healthcare services contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 30

• availability of hospitals, clinics, doctors, medical equipment, medicine, medical knowledge is higher
• better vaccinations (immunisation) reduces infant mortality rate, mortality rate and increases life expectancy

Question 31

describe how lower population density and improvement in living conditions contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 31

• contagious diseases are under control and will not spread easily since there is no overcrowding

Question 32

describe how increasing wealth and standard of living contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 32

• more access to medical and health services
• people can afford healthcare services

Question 33

describe how political stability and internal security contributes to a low death rate in developed countries

Answer 33

• lower accident rates
• less warfare and religious and cultural conflicts