Population structure and change Flashcards
1
Q
What is a demographic dividend
A
- Where the population of working economic class is high resulting in the chance for rapid economic socio-economic development
- Refers to a period where the population structure of a country means there is low dependancy
2
Q
When does a demographic dividend happen?
A
- When a working population outgrows its dependants
3
Q
What can a demographic dividend result in?
A
- An economic boom due to a younger and working population, attracting TNCs and investment
- Workers with fewer children invest more income
4
Q
What can result in the failure of a demographic dividend where it isn’t taken advantage of to its fullest?
A
- When countries are corrupt or there is political instability
- This will result in a lack of opportunities and investment leading to emigration of young people
- E.g. Myanmar
5
Q
Give an example of cultural control on natural population change
A
- China’s One Child Policy
6
Q
What led up to the introduction of the OCP?
A
- Population at 550 million when Mao Zedong took power under communist government. He believed a strong nation came from bigger families and encouraged it.
- A famine between 1959 to 1961 killed 40 million chinese.
- 1970s saw effective birth control campaigns where more than 2/3 of chinese couples used contraception. Fertility halved from 1960s, seeing 2.9 children per women
- In 1979, the OCP was introduced
7
Q
What were the main failures of the OCP?
A
- Failed to slow population and overhost planned total for 1.2bn in 2000
- Many families decided to have more children and just pay the fines if they could afford it
- ## Some couldn’t register their child
8
Q
What were the disadvantages of the OCP?
A
- Demographic Crunch: Key factors in chinas manufacturing success include lots of cheap labour.
- The working population began to shrink in 2012 as workforce becomes reliant on one child population
