Population & Settlement

Question 1

groups belonging to the Algonquin language family

4

Answer 1

Maliseet
Abenaki
Montagnais/Innu
Algonquians

Question 2

groups belonging to the Iroquois language family (3)

Answer 2

Hurons
Mohawks
Iroquois

Question 3

groups belonging to the Iroquois language family.

Answer 3

‣ Hurons
‣ Mohawks
‣ Iroquois

Question 4

groups belonging to the Algonquin language family

Answer 4

‣ Maliseet
‣ Abenaki
‣ Montagnais/Innu
‣ Algonquians

Question 5

where did algonquins live?

Answer 5

canadian shield

Question 6

why were algonquin camps located near water?

Answer 6

for fishing, transportation, trade

Question 7

who chose algonquin chiefs and what criteria was the choice based on?

Answer 7

Chiefs were chosen by women and the choice was based on hunting abilities and power.

Question 8

where did iroquois live?

Answer 8

st. lawrence valley/lowlands

Question 9

why were iroquois camps located near water?

Answer 9

for fishing, trade, crop irrigation, hygiene and transportation

Question 10

why were iroquois camps located near a forest?

Answer 10

for wood to build longhouses and fences, hunting

Question 11

why were iroquois fields cultivated outside the palisade?

Answer 11

So that the village would not be humongous

Question 12

who chose iroquois chiefs and what criteria was the choice based on?

Answer 12

Chiefs were chosen based on their strength, war skills, bravery and persuasiveness.

Question 13

why did Louis XIV take over New France?

Answer 13

1) Increase settlement
2) Exploit the natural resources even more
3) Defend the colony against Iroquois attacks (people were afraid to come)

Question 14

what were the main measures taken to increase New France’s Population and what categories do they fall into?

Answer 14

1) Immigration to NF
• Filles du Roi, Soldiers of Carignon-Salières regiment (protection), engagés
(apprentices)
• Soldiers and engagés were given land in NF. Some soldiers would stay and become
seigneurs, some went back to France. Most engagés left after their 3 yrs were up.

2) Natural growth
• Talon encouraged marriage and having large families by creating incentives for both

Question 15

why did immigration to New France decline after 1672?

Answer 15

‣NF was v far away from France (horrific Atlantic voyage)
‣ Fear of Iroquois or 13 colonies attacking the colony
‣ Climate of NF was v harsh compared to France
‣ No Protestants (Huguenots) allowed in NF- King Louis XIV wanted NF to be 100%
catholic.

Question 16

what effects did french settlement have on the first nations?

Answer 16

◦ Mixed births (Métis)
◦ Spread of European diseases
◦ Sedentarization: the French tried to evangelize the FNs and it sometimes led to them becoming sedentary

Question 17

who owned the seigneurial lands?

Answer 17

the church

Question 18

what was the seigneur’s house called?

Answer 18

manor house

Question 19

what was the land that the censitaires worked on called?

Answer 19

censive

Question 20

describe how large New France was after the treaty of utrecht

Answer 20

Stretched from coast of Labrador in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south

Question 21

why did Qc’s anglophone population increase between the treaty of paris and the constitutional act?

Answer 21

the loyalists arrived

Question 22

what was the main factor of population growth in Qc from 1750-1800? Why?

Answer 22

natural growth bc the French weren’t allowed to immigrate to the colony

Question 23

what was the main factor of population growth in Qc from 1800-1850? Why?

Answer 23

‣ LC/CE = natural growth bc no catholic immigration allowed)

‣ UC/CW = immigration bc the arrival of the loyalists and England, Scotland and Ireland

Question 24

why did people immigrate to Qc after its creation?

Answer 24

1) British Merchants immigrated bc of the attractiveness of
the fur trade and the possibility of achieving greater wealth.
2) Great potato famine in Ireland
3) Difficult social and economic conditions in Great
Britain.

Question 25

what negative conditions in Great Britain influenced people to come to Qc?

Answer 25

‣ the unemployment rate was
rising drastically
‣ the pop increased rapidly which led to periodic outbreaks of famine & epidemics

Question 26

what did the british gvt do to promote immigration to Qc?

Answer 26

◦ free land grants to those who immigrated to UC
◦ British-American land company created to boost the Anglophone pop in LC (eastern townships)
◦ immigration agent appointed in Qc city to help immigrants get settled)

Question 27

where did immigrants settled after the conquest and during 1800-1850?

Answer 27

◦ St. Lawrence valley/lowlands

◦ During 1800-1850, UC & Eastern Townships

Question 28

where did the loyalists settle?

Answer 28

◦ UC
◦ along the north shore of Lake Ontario
◦ Eastern Townships