Population & Settlement Flashcards
groups belonging to the Algonquin language family
4
Maliseet
Abenaki
Montagnais/Innu
Algonquians
groups belonging to the Iroquois language family (3)
Hurons
Mohawks
Iroquois
groups belonging to the Iroquois language family.
‣ Hurons
‣ Mohawks
‣ Iroquois
groups belonging to the Algonquin language family
‣ Maliseet
‣ Abenaki
‣ Montagnais/Innu
‣ Algonquians
where did algonquins live?
canadian shield
why were algonquin camps located near water?
for fishing, transportation, trade
who chose algonquin chiefs and what criteria was the choice based on?
Chiefs were chosen by women and the choice was based on hunting abilities and power.
where did iroquois live?
st. lawrence valley/lowlands
why were iroquois camps located near water?
for fishing, trade, crop irrigation, hygiene and transportation
why were iroquois camps located near a forest?
for wood to build longhouses and fences, hunting
why were iroquois fields cultivated outside the palisade?
So that the village would not be humongous
who chose iroquois chiefs and what criteria was the choice based on?
Chiefs were chosen based on their strength, war skills, bravery and persuasiveness.
why did Louis XIV take over New France?
1) Increase settlement
2) Exploit the natural resources even more
3) Defend the colony against Iroquois attacks (people were afraid to come)
what were the main measures taken to increase New France’s Population and what categories do they fall into?
1) Immigration to NF
• Filles du Roi, Soldiers of Carignon-Salières regiment (protection), engagés
(apprentices)
• Soldiers and engagés were given land in NF. Some soldiers would stay and become
seigneurs, some went back to France. Most engagés left after their 3 yrs were up.
2) Natural growth
• Talon encouraged marriage and having large families by creating incentives for both
why did immigration to New France decline after 1672?
‣NF was v far away from France (horrific Atlantic voyage)
‣ Fear of Iroquois or 13 colonies attacking the colony
‣ Climate of NF was v harsh compared to France
‣ No Protestants (Huguenots) allowed in NF- King Louis XIV wanted NF to be 100%
catholic.
what effects did french settlement have on the first nations?
◦ Mixed births (Métis)
◦ Spread of European diseases
◦ Sedentarization: the French tried to evangelize the FNs and it sometimes led to them becoming sedentary
who owned the seigneurial lands?
the church
what was the seigneur’s house called?
manor house
what was the land that the censitaires worked on called?
censive
describe how large New France was after the treaty of utrecht
Stretched from coast of Labrador in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south
why did Qc’s anglophone population increase between the treaty of paris and the constitutional act?
the loyalists arrived
what was the main factor of population growth in Qc from 1750-1800? Why?
natural growth bc the French weren’t allowed to immigrate to the colony
what was the main factor of population growth in Qc from 1800-1850? Why?
‣ LC/CE = natural growth bc no catholic immigration allowed)
‣ UC/CW = immigration bc the arrival of the loyalists and England, Scotland and Ireland
why did people immigrate to Qc after its creation?
1) British Merchants immigrated bc of the attractiveness of
the fur trade and the possibility of achieving greater wealth.
2) Great potato famine in Ireland
3) Difficult social and economic conditions in Great
Britain.
