Population Regulation Flashcards
What is the equation for exponential growth in populations?
= rN
This equation represents the growth rate (r) multiplied by the current population size (N).
What is density dependence in population growth?
Density dependence occurs when the growth rate of a population is influenced by its density
It often leads to logistic growth patterns.
What does K represent in the logistic growth model?
K = carrying capacity
K is the maximum sustainable population size for the prevailing environment.
According to Malthus, what will human reproduction ultimately lead to?
Overpopulation, resource depletion, and mass famine
This perspective highlights the potential limits of human population growth.
What is the current estimated carrying capacity (K) for humans according to some scientists?
9-10 billion
This estimate is based on factors like food production and resource availability.
What is demographic transition?
The change in population growth rates over time
It often involves a slowdown in growth rates as a country develops.
What is self-thinning?
Progressive decline in density of plants or animals associated with increasing size
It reflects competition for resources as individuals grow.
How can competition for limited resources affect populations?
It can reduce reproductive rates and cause stress
For example, it may delay sexual maturity in species like harp seals.
What is the kin-selection hypothesis?
Adult pairs share surplus hunting with offspring
This behavior helps teach young individuals how to hunt.
What happens when population regulation goes awry?
It can lead to resource over-abundance and management controversies
Examples include moose populations in parks and Canada geese in urban areas.
What is inverse density dependence?
Population growth rate increases with density
This phenomenon can complicate population management strategies.
Define the Allee effect.
Population growth is hindered at low densities
It can lead to decreased interactions and increased vigilance against predators.
What is the anthropogenic Allee effect?
Economic value of rare species can increase, complicating recovery efforts
This is evident in contexts like trophy hunting and ecotourism.
What is Minimum Viable Population (MVP)?
The smallest isolated population having a 99% chance of remaining extant for 1000 years
MVP varies significantly between species.
What does Population Viability Analysis (PVA) assess?
It quantifies extinction risk based on species characteristics and environmental variability
PVA uses stochastic projections to estimate probabilities.
What is the Minimum Dynamic Area?
The area of suitable habitat needed to support the Minimum Viable Population
This area can be extensive, especially for large carnivores.
What are the main factors that regulate most populations?
Intraspecific competition and scarce resources
These factors can lower fecundity and increase mortality.
Fill in the blank: Humans have redefined our life history via _______.
[technological/cultural changes]
Despite these changes, we remain bound by the finite nature of our planet.
True or False: Some populations no longer self-regulate due to unnatural conditions.
True
This can lead to management controversies and challenges in conservation efforts.
