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Alevel Geography > Population - human > Flashcards

Population - human Flashcards

1
Q

what is population distribution?

A

The pattern of where people live

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2
Q

what is population density?

A

The number of people living in an area (number of people per km2)

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3
Q

what is fertility rate?

A

The average number of children that are born to a woman during her lifetime

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4
Q

what are the best indicators to use to show population change?

A

fertility rate
birth rate
population density
death rate
life expectancy
longevity
migration rate
infant mortality rate

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5
Q

what is the demographic transition model?

A

describes the way the total population changes over time because of variation in birth and death rate in a specific area

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6
Q

what are the five stages of the demographic transition model?

A

stage one - high stationary, high fluctuating
stage two - early expanding
stage three - late expanding
stage four - low stationary, low fluctuation
stage five - decline

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7
Q

what are the advantages of the DTM?

A

very clear and simple
shows natural increase
useful for government, house building, food supplies & healthcare
can compare countries

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8
Q

what are the limitations of the DTM?

A

not fully reliable as cannot predict the future
doesn’t show migration
only based on HICs
no timescale
doesn’t include government policies (eg - one child policy in china)

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9
Q

what is a population pyramid?

A

represents the age and sex structure of a population
more rounded at the top = more developed
triangular shape = less developed

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10
Q

what is the dependency ratio?

A

Measure of the level of dependency
expressed as:
young dependants (0 - 14) + elderly dependents (65+) / economically active (15 - 64) x100

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11
Q

what is a demographic dividend?

A

The benefit a country gets when it’s working
the potential for rapid economic growth as the dependency ratio falls

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12
Q

what is an asylum seeker?

A

A person who has fled their country of origin and applied for asylum on the grounds that they cannot return to their country because of a well-founded fear of death or persecution
are called this while they wait for a decision to be made about their application

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13
Q

what is an economic migrant?

A

A person who has voluntarily left their country of origin to seek employment in another country, lawfully or unlawfully 

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14
Q

what is a refugee?

A

A person fleeing possibly due to war or natural disaster
asylum seeker who’s application has been successful

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15
Q

what is forced migration?

A

The individual or family have little choice but to move
caused by extreme push factors:
war or conflict
natural disasters
shortage of food
unemployment / low wages
ethnic and religious persecution

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16
Q

what is voluntary migration?

A

individuals or families want to move
based on factors present at both the origin and the destination:
better quality of life
employment opportunities / higher wages
better healthcare and education

17
Q

what is lee‘s model of migration?

A

circles containing positive, negative & neutral factors
line of intervening obstacles in between

18
Q

what was the European migrant crisis 2015?

A

push factors - Syrian war, poor country
obstacles - boats were overcrowded and makeshift
pull factors - chances of employment in UK

19
Q

what are impacts of international migration?

A

economic - more people work & pay tax & therefore boost the economy (+)
social - families broken apart (-)
political - increase in crime rates (-)
health - reduced pressure on healthcare (+)
environmental - land destroyed to build houses (-)

20
Q

what is net replacement rate?

A

The number of births needed to keep the population stable

21
Q

what is overpopulation?

A

too many people in an area
puts pressure on available resources - reducing the average standard of living

22
Q

what is optimum population?

A

A balance in between population and resources where, when they are working together, give the highest standard of living

23
Q

what is under population?

A

too few people to use the resources efficiently for a given level of technology, reducing the average standard of living

24
Q

how can food production be increased?

A

increasing mechanisation
increased use of fertilisers and pesticides
better irrigation

25
Q

how can population be controlled?

A

Government advice and pressure
increased use of contraception and abortion

Alevel Geography (6 decks)

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