Population Health Week 1 Flashcards
What is the vision of healthy people 2020?
A society in which all people live long, healthy lives.
What is the definition of health/
state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1986)-updated to include characteristics, behaviors, and physical, social, and economic environment
What is the community nursing process?
Still- Assessment- Diagnosis- Planning- Implementation- Evaluation- The nursing focus shifts from an individual client to the target population in collaboration with other disciplines.
Describe the epidemiological process.
Determine the nature, extent, and possible significance of the problem.
Using the gathered data, formulate a possible theory.
Gather information from a variety of sources in order to narrow down the possibilities.
Make the plan.
Put the plan into action.
Evaluate the plan.
Report and follow up.
What does incidence mean?
Number of new cases in the population at a specific time ÷ population total x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000
What does prevalence mean?
Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time ÷ population total x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000
What does crude mortality rate mean?
Number of deaths ÷ population total x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000
What does infant mortality rate mean?
Number of infant deaths before 1 year of age in a year ÷ numbers of live births in the same year x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000
What does attack rate mean?
- Number of people exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease ÷ total number of people exposed
What does epidemic mean?
is when the rate of disease exceeds the usual level of the condition in a defined population
What is the definition of epidemiology?
The science of population health as applied to the detection of morbidity and mortality
Important component in developing health programs
Describe the epidemiologic triangle.
Agent- animate or inanimate agent that can cause the disease- factors- physical such as noise, temp, infection, chemical,
Host- could depend on occupational status, immunologic, psychologic,
Environmental factors- that could sustain the host- factors- physical/ geography, food and water supply, insects,- social environment/ access to care, high risk working, poverty
What are the 3 main parts of advocacy?
Informer, supporter, mediator
What does nonmaleficence mean?
no harm is done with the standard of care you are providing
What are the ethical considerations?
Respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, distributive justice
What are the principles guiding community health practice?
Ethical considerations
Advocacy
Epidemiology
Health education
Describe primary prevention.
Interventions that protect from disease or injury Examples Well-child clinics Immunization programs Safety programs Sanitation measures
Describe secondary prevention
Promotes early detection and treatment of illness
Efforts are made to prevent the spread of contagious diseases
Examples
Tuberculosis screenings, lead screenings
Isolation of communicable illnesses
Early intervention programs (e.g., Head Start Program)
Describe tertiary prevention.
Interventions to optimize function for children with a disability or chronic disease Examples Asthma management programs Rehabilitation programs Special education programs
Which of the following statement is representative of health care trends nurses should watch?
A) Increasing numbers of ASN prepared graduates
B) Integration of genomics in nursing education
C) Deregulation of the insurance industry
D) Increased focus on acute care of individuals
B) Integration of genomics in nursing education
Changes in settings for nursing practice have happened over the last 30 years as a result of public concern about health care. These concerns center on:
A) access, quality, and cost.
B) the role of the nurse.
C) integration of health care.
D) policy development.
A) access, quality, and cost.
Which of the following is likely to occur if the current nursing practice trends continue?
A) All nurses will be working in the community.
B) Most nurses will be working in the hospital.
C) More nurses will be working in community settings.
D) It is impossible to predict where nurses will be working.
C) More nurses will be working in community settings.
Which of the following statements best defines the term community?
A) A community is a geographic location.
B) A community encompasses people, place, and social systems.
C) A community is delineated by geopolitical boundaries.
D) A community is a cultural system that is not related to health and health care.
B) A community encompasses people, place, and social systems.
Which of the following best describes the prospective payment system? The prospective payment system makes payment determinations based on
A) the type of agency.
B) the location of the facility.
C) client diagnosis prior to services rendered.
D) reimbursement of client charges after services are provided.
C) client diagnosis prior to services rendered.
The nurse caring for a client at home recognized family support is
A) critical in accomplishing client outcomes.
B) similar to that required in the hospital.
C) unnecessary as the client is the focus of care.
D) determined by the members of the health care team.
A) critical in accomplishing client outcomes.
The nurse recognizes the benefit of consumer medication monitoring as an important feature of A) Medicaid. B) Medicare. C) group insurance. D) the Affordability Care Act.
D) the Affordability Care Act.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that by 2018 the need for nurses will A) decrease by 12%. B) remain at current levels. C) increase by 22%. D) be undeterminable.
C) increase by 22%.
Which of the following statements describes the way family structure contributes to the overall character of a community and influences its health needs?
A) In most of the world, a scarcity of resources necessitates extended family residence together in one home.
B) In the United States and Western Europe, the extended family is the norm and many members may be involved in caring for the sick.
C) In the 6% of the world where nuclear family structures prevail, reliance on extended family and neighbors affects the needs and function of the family.
D) A client who has a nuclear family and no extended family has similar needs as the client with numerous extended family members.
A) In most of the world, a scarcity of resources necessitates extended family residence together in one home.
A nurse in Henry County is caring for a client who lives in Franklin County. It is important for the nurse to know where the client lives because
A) eligibility for services may depend on location of residence.
B) it enables the nurse to determine in which county to make referrals.
C) counties vary as to available health care services.
D) insurance payments may be based on client address.
A) eligibility for services may depend on location of residence.
Social systems may positively influence health. The best example is seen in a community where
A) there are more surgeons.
B) unemployment is at the state level.
C) retail and fast food restaurants are increasing in numbers.
D) prenatal care is available to all pregnant women.
D) prenatal care is available to all pregnant women.
Which of the following would be the best reflect elements of a healthy community?
A) Single dwelling homes ranging in price from $150,000 to $250,000.
B) Two groceries that offer fresh locally grown produce (fruits and vegetables) at reasonable prices
C) Ten convenience stores located throughout the city
D) Manufacturing, primarily steel production and chemical plants, provides a strong economic base
B) Two groceries that offer fresh locally grown produce (fruits and vegetables) at reasonable prices
The focus of care in the community health nursing practice is A) the population as a whole. B) groups. C) families. D) individuals.
A) the population as a whole.
Which of the characteristics below is typical for a client in a community-based setting?
A) The client is in his or her natural environment.
B) The client is identified by medical diagnosis.
C) The ill client is equipped to provide self-care.
D) The client is restricted to care provider and insurance rules.
A) The client is in his or her natural environment.
The proliferation of health care resources on the Internet is indicative of
A) a decrease in technology access.
B) an increase in health seeking behaviors.
C) a decrease in provider to client health education.
D) an increased interest in alternative therapies.
B) an increase in health seeking behaviors.
Community-based nursing intervenes A) in self-care. B) at the primary level of prevention. C) at all three levels of prevention. D) in disease management.
C) at all three levels of prevention.
The nurse understands that individual access to care
A) depends on the client preference.
B) is limited or promoted by factors in the social environment.
C) can be rectified by the correct agency referrals.
D) is primarily related to continuity of care issues.
B) is limited or promoted by factors in the social environment.
Continuity of care promotes A) the use of multiple providers for health care delivery. B) quality client outcomes. C) increased acute care client stays. D) fragmentation of care.
B) quality client outcomes.
In which of the following activities will the home care nurse spend more time than the acute care nurse?
A) Direct patient care
B) Medical management of acute disease processes
C) Case management
D) Interdisciplinary referrals
C) Case management
The nurse works with newly diagnosed diabetic clients. Rather than do individual teaching with each client, the nurse decides to offer a series of four group classes. This type of activity would require which essential nursing skill? A) Assessment B) Knowledge of communities C) Application of the nursing process D) Program planning
D) Program planning
