population health and health promotion Flashcards
what are the 3 aims of health promotion
focus on determinants of health
working in partnership with a range of agencies and sectors
adopting a strategic approach using a range of actions to promote health
upstream and downstream interventions
upstream - national and local policies, legislation and regulations
downstream - individual level - chairside intervention and prevention
high risk approach
identifies those most at risk and focuses resources on them
e.g toothbrushing in 20% most deprived schools
population approach
adresses underlying factors which influence disease in a population
- whole population benefits
e.g toothbrushing packs for all school kids
ottowa charter
- 5 key areas
vital reference for health promotion
- building healthy public policy
- creating supportive environments
- strengthening community action
-developing personal skills
- re-orientating health services
4 ingredients for resilience
awareness - of what is going on around you and inside your head
rational thinking
reaching out
fitness - mental and physical health
SMART objective
specific
measureable
appropriate
realistic
time related
3 Es of evaluation
effectiveness
efficiency
economy
what are the 3 consulting styles
directing
following - listening skills, sensitive situations
guiding - clinician and patient working together
4 core skills for motivational interviewing
(and guiding consulting style)
Open questions
Affirmation - positive encouragement
Reflective listening
Summary
how to give brief smoking cessation advice
3 As
ask
advise
act
treatment that may be used to aid smoking cessation
medications - varenicline (champix)
NRT - patches, gums, lozenges
name 3 adverse childhood events
abuse
neglect
household dysfunction
what can multiple ACEs lead to
binge drinking
violence
medical issues
recommended weekly allowance for alcohol
14 units spread equally over at least 3 days
how does alcohol increase oral cancer risk
ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde is a carcinogen
alcohol facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across oral mucosa - mucosal atrophy due to nutritional deficiences aids this process
name 4 factors taken into account for SIMD
education
health
employment
income
crime
housing
access to services
acronym for breaking bad news
S - setting - private space
P- perception - what does patient already know
I - invitation for questions
K - give knowledge
E - give empathy
S - summarise and plan
what is childsmile
national programme aimed at reducing oral health inequalities and improving oral health in children
what are the 3 main components of childsmile
toothbrushing - daily supervised brushing and toothbrushing packs
communities - embedding support workers in communities to offer oral health support
fluoride varnish - preventative interventions
what are the 2 oral reservoirs of fluoride
mineral deposits in saliva and plaque
biologically and bacterially bound calcium fluoride
dose at which fluorosis may occur
no lower limit
however general consensus say >=0.1mg F/kg
connection between amount and severity
threshold for fluoride toxicity
5mg F/ kg bodyweight
treatment for fluoride toxicity
<5mg - milk
5-15mg milk and hospital
>15 immediate hospital
