population health and health promotion

Question 1

what are the 3 aims of health promotion

Answer 1

focus on determinants of health
working in partnership with a range of agencies and sectors
adopting a strategic approach using a range of actions to promote health

Question 2

upstream and downstream interventions

Answer 2

upstream - national and local policies, legislation and regulations
downstream - individual level - chairside intervention and prevention

Question 3

high risk approach

Answer 3

identifies those most at risk and focuses resources on them
e.g toothbrushing in 20% most deprived schools

Question 4

population approach

Answer 4

adresses underlying factors which influence disease in a population
- whole population benefits
e.g toothbrushing packs for all school kids

Question 5

ottowa charter
- 5 key areas

Answer 5

vital reference for health promotion
- building healthy public policy
- creating supportive environments
- strengthening community action
-developing personal skills
- re-orientating health services

Question 6

4 ingredients for resilience

Answer 6

awareness - of what is going on around you and inside your head
rational thinking
reaching out
fitness - mental and physical health

Question 7

SMART objective

Answer 7

specific
measureable
appropriate
realistic
time related

Question 8

3 Es of evaluation

Answer 8

effectiveness
efficiency
economy

Question 9

what are the 3 consulting styles

Answer 9

directing
following - listening skills, sensitive situations
guiding - clinician and patient working together

Question 10

4 core skills for motivational interviewing
(and guiding consulting style)

Answer 10

Open questions
Affirmation - positive encouragement
Reflective listening
Summary

Question 11

how to give brief smoking cessation advice

Answer 11

3 As
ask
advise
act

Question 12

treatment that may be used to aid smoking cessation

Answer 12

medications - varenicline (champix)
NRT - patches, gums, lozenges

Question 13

name 3 adverse childhood events

Answer 13

abuse
neglect
household dysfunction

Question 14

what can multiple ACEs lead to

Answer 14

binge drinking
violence
medical issues

Question 15

recommended weekly allowance for alcohol

Answer 15

14 units spread equally over at least 3 days

Question 16

how does alcohol increase oral cancer risk

Answer 16

ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde is a carcinogen
alcohol facilitates absorption of carcinogenic substances across oral mucosa - mucosal atrophy due to nutritional deficiences aids this process

Question 17

name 4 factors taken into account for SIMD

Answer 17

education
health
employment
income
crime
housing
access to services

Question 18

acronym for breaking bad news

Answer 18

S - setting - private space
P- perception - what does patient already know
I - invitation for questions
K - give knowledge
E - give empathy
S - summarise and plan

Question 19

what is childsmile

Answer 19

national programme aimed at reducing oral health inequalities and improving oral health in children

Question 20

what are the 3 main components of childsmile

Answer 20

toothbrushing - daily supervised brushing and toothbrushing packs
communities - embedding support workers in communities to offer oral health support
fluoride varnish - preventative interventions

Question 21

what are the 2 oral reservoirs of fluoride

Answer 21

mineral deposits in saliva and plaque
biologically and bacterially bound calcium fluoride

Question 22

dose at which fluorosis may occur

Answer 22

no lower limit
however general consensus say >=0.1mg F/kg
connection between amount and severity

Question 23

threshold for fluoride toxicity

Answer 23

5mg F/ kg bodyweight

Question 24

treatment for fluoride toxicity

Answer 24

<5mg - milk
5-15mg milk and hospital
>15 immediate hospital