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Health And Wellbeing > Population Health > Flashcards

Population Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are factors relating to the consistent increase in the worlds population?

A
  • Birth rates
  • Career attitudes
  • Child mortality decreases
  • Contraception
  • Work Safety
  • Medicines
  • Emerging technology
  • Food security
  • Life expectancy increases
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2
Q

Negative impacts of an increasing population?

A
  • Poverty
  • Decreased natural resources
  • Increased demand on health services
  • Pollution
  • Elevated criminal behaviour
  • Increased unemployment
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3
Q

What are greenhouse gases?

A

Gases that trap heat in atmosphere

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4
Q

What are types of greenhouse gases?

A
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Methane
  • Nitrous oxide
  • Fluorinated gases
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5
Q

What are the consequences of greenhouse gases on human health?

A
  • Food shortage: agriculture decline

- Spreading of diseases: extreme heat will also aggravate cardiovascular/ respiratory issues

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6
Q

What is the Human Development Index?

A

Summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development.

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7
Q

What are the key dimensions?

A
  • Long and healthy life
  • Being knowledgeable
  • Decent standard of living
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8
Q

Dimension: Long and healthy life

What is the dimension index and indicator?

A

Indicators: Life expectancy at birth

Dimension Index: Life expectancy

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9
Q

Dimension: Being knowledgeable

What is the dimension index and indicator?

A

Dimension index: Education

Indicators: Expected years of schooling

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10
Q

Dimension: Decent standard of living

What is the dimension index and indicator?

A

Dimension index: GNI (Gross National Income)

Indicators: GNI per capita (USD)

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11
Q

How many countries are in the very high development bracket?

A

62

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12
Q

How many countries are in the high human development bracket?

A

53

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13
Q

How many countries are in the medium human development bracket?

A

36

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14
Q

How many countries are in the low human development bracket?

A

35

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15
Q

Why do we need international organisations?

A
  • Sharing supplies
  • Identify health trends
  • Supporting other countries
  • Leverage
  • Collaboration
  • Research
  • Resources
  • Economic benefits
  • Provide health guideline does countries to utilise in the development of their own guidelines set standards and norms for health
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16
Q

What are some organisations which help to support health globally?

A
  • United Nations
  • World Health Organisation
  • UNICEF
  • Global Health Council
17
Q

What are multilateral organisations?

A

Funded by multiple governments and non-government sources with services distributed amongst different countries (WHO, UNICEF)

18
Q

What are bilateral agencies?

A

Government agency or not-for-profit organisations based in a single country but provides funding to developing countries ( AusAID, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

19
Q

What are Non-government organisations?

A

A not-for-profit, voluntary group directed by people who share a common goal or service (world vision, OXFAM)

20
Q

What are Intergovernmental organisations?

A

Comprising members from around the globe which is established by a treaty (United Nations).

21
Q

What is primary healthcare?

A

The entry-level to the health system and is usually a persons first encounter with the health system. It includes a wide range of activities and services from health promotion and prevention to treatment and management of acute and chronic conditions.

22
Q

What are PHC services?

A

Allied health services NOT local hospital networks.

PHC provide whole-person care for health needs throughout a persons life, not just for a set of specific health issues.

23
Q

Components of PHC?

A
  • Meeting people’s needs throughout their lives
  • Addressing the broader determinants of health through multisectoral policy and action and;
  • Empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health.
24
Q

What if the Declaration of ALMA- ATA?

A

Declaration endorsed by members of WHO to support the idea that PHC was key to attaining ‘Health for all’ by 2000.

25
Q

What is the Declaration of ASTANA?

A

An endorsement to renew the commitment of PHC for all Government and Non-Government organisations as well as other stakeholders to reflect on how far we’ve come in 40 years.

26
Q

What are the 8 essential components of PHC?

A
  1. Public education
  2. Proper nutrition
  3. Clean water and sanitation
  4. Maternal and child health care
  5. Immunisation
  6. Local disease control
  7. Accessible treatment
  8. Drug provision
27
Q

What can health outcomes and disease be attributed to?

A

Biological and natural conditions as well as societal factors which can vary across each continent with differing cultures and socioeconomic factors.

28
Q

What are communicable diseases?

A

Diseases which can be transferred from person to person through blood, insects etc.

29
Q

What are non-communicable diseases?

A

Chronic conditions which are attributed through behavioural, individual and environmental factors.

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