population growth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is exponential growth?

A

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases. It is often shown as a J-curve graph

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2
Q

What is expected to happen after the world population has peaked?

A

This should be followed by a more stable period of zero growth or even natural decrease (ND)

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3
Q

What is happening to the rate of population growth today?

A

Growth rates are slowing down (although the numbers being added daily are still high), so the shape of the graph is levelling off into an S-curve

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4
Q

What is birth rate (BR)?

A

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year

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5
Q

What are birth rates like today?

A

Vary between 5 per 1000 per year and 40 per 1000 per year, depending on the country concerned

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6
Q

What have birth rates been like in the past?

A

Figures have been as high as 50 per 1000 per year

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7
Q

Why do such high birth rates rarely occur now?

A

Because of the availability of birth control

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8
Q

What is death rate (DR)?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

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9
Q

What are typical death rates?

A

Between 5 per 1000 people per year and 20 per 1000 per year

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10
Q

What could significantly increase the death rate of a country?

A

An epidemic, famine, or war

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11
Q

Why are birth and death rates expressed as ‘per 1000’?

A

So that the figures for countries of different sizes can be compared

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12
Q

What is natural change?

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate in a country, given as a percentage

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13
Q

What is natural change a good measure of?

A

It is a useful measure of a population’s growth or decline and, when comparing countries, can be used to find reasons to explain their population statistics

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14
Q

What is natural increase (NI)?

A

When the birth rate is greater than the death rate

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15
Q

What is natural decrease (ND)?

A

When the death rate is greater than the birth rate

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16
Q

Why are some countries experiencing natural decrease?

A

Because they have reduced their birth rates so much and the so the population is declining

17
Q

What does data on birth rates, death rates and natural increase or decrease give?

A

Information on the level of development of a country

18
Q

What two factors affect the level of death rate?

A
  • Health care has improved in poorer countries, which lowers DR
  • Having so many people under the age of 15 reduces the chance of death
19
Q

Why are the death rates in countries at further stages of development often higher?

A

Because their populations are older

20
Q

What is a better indicator of development?

A

Birth rate

21
Q

What are four major factors affecting population growth?

A
  • Agriculture change
  • Urbanisation
  • Eduction
  • Emancipation and status of women