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GE11001 > Population, Globalisation, and development > Flashcards

Population, Globalisation, and development Flashcards

1
Q

What is estimated to happen to the worlds population?

A

It is to peak then start to decline due to slowing birth rates

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2
Q

What is spacial perspective

A

the where of population size density and change

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3
Q

What is crude density

A

total number of people divided by land area

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4
Q

what is nutritional density

A

ratio between total population and the amount of land under cultivation in an area

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5
Q

Why does population density matter

A

use of resources and space use in urban areas

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6
Q

What factors affect population density and distribution

A

accessability to land, access to water, topography, land quality, soil fertility, climate and weather, and natural resources, as well as history eg of industry

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7
Q

What can population distribution and density factors be used to predict

A

the future of population

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8
Q

What is a flaw with an ageing population

A

lots of people depending on social and health services often provided by small economically active section

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9
Q

What is a population pyramid

A

representation of a population based on composition of age and gender, shape can determine a ageing/growing population and show trends

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10
Q

what does a triangular pyramid depict

A

a youthful pop with high birth and death rates

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11
Q

what does a ‘beehive’ pyramid depit

A

an ageing population with a long life expectancy

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12
Q

Formula to calculate population growth

A

births-death+(immigration-emigration)

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13
Q

what is the crude birth rate

A

no. of births in a year per 1000 persons of a pop, does not break it into categories eg ethnicity

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14
Q

what is the total fertility rate

A

the number of births a women between 15-49 would be expected to have
less than 2= declining
more than 2= growing

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15
Q

What is the crude death rate

A

no. of deaths in a year per 1000 persons of a population
does not account for categories in society eg age

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16
Q

what are factors affecting death rates

A

gender, poverty, inequality, healthcare access, diet, employment, environment pollution

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17
Q

what is infant mortality rate

A

no. of infant deaths under 1 in a year per 1000 live births

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18
Q

demographic transition model- stage 1

A

high birth and death rates, no pop increase, traditional triangle shape

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19
Q

demographic transition model- stage 2

A

mortality falls, birth rate stays high, population increase

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20
Q

demographic transition model- stage 3

A

mortality is low and birth rates begin to fall- most common in developed countires

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21
Q

demographic transition model- stage 4

A

mortality and birth rates low, box shaped pyramid

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22
Q

demographic transition model- stage 5

A

very low birth and death rates with little pop growth

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23
Q

What is the definition of migration

A

residential relocation of a group family or person from on place to another

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24
Q

What is net migration

A

gain-loss of immigrants

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25
How far to migrants commonly travel to
often only go to neighbouring countries
26
What are migration corridors
common pathways people travel to eg mexico->usa, due to culture and knowing people at destination
27
What are remittances
financial or in-kind transfers made by migrants directly to families or communities in their countries of origin
28
What is a positive aspect of remittances
sending aid to home country
29
internal migration
people moving within their own countries for conflict, climate and job opportunities, often rural-> urban, most common migration
30
What is a refugee
someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well founded fear of being persecuted for reason of race gender ethnicity belonging to a social group or political opinion
31
what is an asylum seeker
someone whos request for sanctury is yet to be processed
32
Reasons for migration
economic, social, poliical, technological chnages
33
What are push factors
unemployment, political instability, war, food, environment
34
What are pull factors
education, economy, jobs, peace, healthcare
35
What are some factors that highlight the divide
nutrition, education, drinking water
36
What is the human development index
a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development
37
What is to be considered in the north v south debate
the variety of standard of living and development within these places
38
What is the modernisation theory of development
making underdeveloped areas more modern done by building infrastructure, aid and global initiatives eg IMF
39
What is the dependency theory of development
developing areas should produce what they do not consume (exports) and consume what they do not produce (imports)
40
What is globalisation
diverse and dynamic interaction between people and places around the world
41
What characterises the rise in the global economy
increase in intensity and complexity of the ge integration across national borders of goods and services transnational corporations extend reach neoliberal policy dominates greater specialisation and fragmented roles
42
What is neoliberal policy
political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free trade, deregulation, globalization, and a reduction in government spending
43
What is the rise in the global economy enabled by
knowledge and communication(tech, transport) Neoliberisation financialisation(stock market emphasis) TNC oligopolicies transnational institutions rise(IMF)
44
What is oligopolistic
an economic setup in which a few companies rule over many in a particular market or industry
45
Why is there an international division of labour +example
due to labour costs , skills and history of countries eg nike hq in oregon but manufacturing in asia
46
What is meant by commodity dependence
a country is commodity dependent if commodities account for more than 60% of its total merchandise exports
47
What are the negatives of commodity dependence
vulnerable to price shocks and commodity price volatility
48
What is a commodity chain
the link between producer and consumer
49
What forms the basis pf contemporary globalisation
history of trading routes and power discrepancies between countries
50
What are the negative connotations of the other end of the commodity chain
peoples lives reduced to labels as 'poor' ignores diversity and complexity
51
What is contemporary globalisation
more intensive form of exchange and fragmented production
52
What has caused the new international division of labour
contemporary globalisation rise of tncs and foreign direct investent access to cheap, educated, skilled labour
53
What are to positives and negatives of NIDL
rapid economic growth, job creation, infrastructure development inequalities within countries eg call centres or tourism
54
Positive effects of global economy on employment
external investment in facilities and job opportunities, higher wage potential, taxable income
55
Negative effects of global economy on employment
amount of employment unlikely to be sufficient, increased inequality in employment, bad working standards, rural to urban migration promoted
56
What is market led development
international development policy based on the free market where the state only plays a small role as an enabler and free trade is seen as an essential element
57
Why did neoliberalism go global
due to slow economic growth and increasing debts so there was a shift to debt alleviation, allied with connection the global economy and fragment
58
What is fair trade
a demand for more equitable access to markets by producers in the global south, started as a system of accreditation and guarantees a fair price
59
Why did ethical consumption as a concept emerge
as a response to unequal trade relations and promotes positive buying instead of boycotting
60
What are some thing that can be done in response to unequal globalisation
campaigning pressure on industry and brands role of gov eg legislation role of wto and world trade rules

GE11001 (4 decks)

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