Population Genetics Flashcards
Gene flow
The movement of genes from one population to another (when they migrate)
Extinction
Permanent and complete removal of a species from an environment
Immigration
Movement of genes into a population
Emigration
Movement of genes out of a population
Species
A group of individuals that can breed to produce fertile offspring ( babies can grow up and have babies)
Speciation
The evolution of a new species
Prezygotic barrier
Any barrier that prevent two individuals from being able to meet up and breed (river, valley, canyon)
Geographic isolation
A type of pre-zygotic barrier in which individuals are physically deprecated from one another
Allopathic separation
Speciation that results from geographic isolation
Sympathetic speciation
Species that results without geographic isolation
Pozygotic barrier
Any barrier that prevents two individuals from being able to create a fertile offspring. ( genetically different and the egg can’t be fertilized)
Reproductive isolation
A type of post zygotic barrier in which individuals are physically unable to form fertile offspring even if they mate
Polyploidy
A speciation event that occurs in plants
Population
A group of individuals is the same species in the same place at the same time
Gene pool
All the genes of a population
Allele frequency
How common a particular allele is in a population
Genetic equilibrium
When allele frequencies in a population do not change over time
Mutation
A permanent change in the DNA, alters allele frequencies by adding new alleles
Genetic drift
A change in allele frequencies due to a change of events
Sexual/mate selection
Change in allele frequencies due to some males reproducing more than others because of the females preferences
Migration
Change in allele frequencies by movement of individuals form one population to another
Founder effect
A type of genetic drift event in which a populations allele frequencies are changed to to the settling of a new population to just a few individuals
Bottleneck
A type of genetic drift in which a populations allele frequencies are changed due to the population being reduced dramatically to just a few individuals
Speciation
The evolution of a new species