population genetics

Question 1

What are the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 1

No mutations
Random mating
No natural selection
Large population size (no genetic drift)
No gene flow (no migration)

Question 2

Five major factors (or mechanisms) can alter
allele/genotype frequencies and bring evolutionary
change:

Answer 2

1.Mutation (Only mutations in cells that produce gametes can be passed to offspring, and can potentially change the gene pool of a population)
2. Natural selection
3. Genetic drift (especially with small population sizes)
4. Gene flow
5. Non-random mating (sexual selection

Question 3

genetic drift

Answer 3

Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies from one generation to the next due to chance events.
Examples of random events: sudden death from environmental catastrophes, habitat destruction, predation, or indiscriminate hunting.
It can lead to alleles being lost or becoming widespread in a population, regardless of their survival or reproductive value.
Genetic drift primarily affects small, isolated populations with small gene pools, where random events can significantly alter the genetic makeup.