Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics & Molecular Biology > Population Genetics > Flashcards

Population Genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Population

A

a freely interbreeding group of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Gene Pool

A

the sum total of genetic information present in a population at any given point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Phenotype

A

A morphological, physiological, biochemical or behavioural characteristics of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Genotype

A

the genetic constitution of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Locus

A

A site on a chromosome, or the gene that occupies the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Gene

A

A nucleic acid sequence that encodes a product with a distinct function in the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Allele

A

a particular form of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Gene Frequency

A

the relative proportion of a particular allele at a single locks in a population (number between 0 and 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Genotype Frequency

A

The relative proportion of a particular genotype in a population (number between 0 and 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the point of population genetics ?

A

it studies the distribution of genetic variation within a species over both space and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is polymorphic ?

A

the gene is question will occur in a number of different forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium ?

A

p^2 +2pq+q^2 = 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 6 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium ?

A
  1. mating is random
  2. population size is very large
  3. there is no migration.
  4. there’s no mutation
  5. natural selection doesn’t affect the alleles
  6. all members of the population breed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 results of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions being met?

A
  1. frequencies of alleles at a locus will remain constant from generation to generation
  2. genotype frequencies can be predicted from allele frequencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium ?

A
  • genetic drift, mutation, mating choice, migration and natural selection
17
Q

What is a population bottleneck?

A

Occurs when a population undergoes a severe decrease in size

18
Q

What are the 3 broad categories of mutation?

A
  1. good/advantageous that increase fitness
  2. bad/deleterious that decrease it
  3. indifferent/neutral that aren’t affected by selection with small effects
19
Q

What was Darwin’s first observation?

A
  1. The forms of certain living creatures seemed to be adapted to their specific needs
20
Q

What is Darwin’s 2nd observation?

A
  1. Some species were known to have died out altogether - to have become extinct
21
Q

What is Darwin’s 3rd observation?

A
  1. Darwin’s research voyage on the Beagle had persuaded him of the uneven geographical distribution of life forms throughout the world
22
Q

What is Darwin’s 4th observation?

A
  1. Many creatures possess ‘rudimentary structures’ which have no apparent or predictable function
23
Q

What are the 2 components of Darwin’s theory of evolution ?

A
  1. species are not immutable, but change, or adapt, over time
  2. agent that produces the changes is natural selection
24
Q

What does the term adaptation mean in evolutionary biology ?

A
  1. processes by which adaptive traits are acquired
  2. trait that enhance survival and reproduction success of their bearers
25
Q

What is Darwinian Fitness ?

A
  • an individual that is better at surviving/reproducing is more fit –> fitness is relative
26
Q

What are the 3 types of natural selection?

A
  1. directional
  2. Stabilising
  3. Disruptive
27
Q

Describe stabilising selection

A

the extremes are selected against, genetic diversity decreases and the population mean stabilises on a particular trait value

28
Q

Give an example of stabilising selection

A
  • human birth weight is a key example
  • selective pressures apply to babies born with a low birth weight and a high birth weight
29
Q

What is kin selection ?

A
  • refers to strategies that occur in evolution that favour the reproductive success of an organisms relatives, even at a cost of their own survival and/or reproduction
30
Q

Why is time a constraint of evolution?

A

as evolution is defined as heritable allelic changes over time, if sufficient time doesn’t pass evolution may not happen

31
Q

Why is inherent genetic variation a constraint of evolution ?

A
  • the inherent genetic variation limits the possible allelic combinations that can be observed in the offspring
  • genetic variability is a large constraint

Genetics & Molecular Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions