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Biology > Population Ecology Vocabulary > Flashcards

Population Ecology Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Parental investment

A

The time and energy spent on offspring.

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2
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same gernal area.

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3
Q

Population ecology

A

Concerned with changes in a population size and the factors that regulate populations over time.

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4
Q

Population density

A

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume.

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5
Q

Dispersion pattern

A

Refers to the way individuals are spaced within their area. (three types)

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6
Q

Clumped dispersion pattern

A

Individuals in an area are grouped in patches; is the most common in nature.

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7
Q

Uniform (even) dispersion pattern

A

When individuals are evenly spaced, and they are located at regular intervals. Often results from interactions between the individuals of a population.

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8
Q

Random disperson pattern

A

Individuals in a population are spread in an unpredicted way without a pattern, and the location of each individual is self-determined. Randon dispersion is rare because of habitat conditions and social interactions.

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9
Q

Population dynamics

A

The interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in population sizes. Population growth is one important aspect of population dynamics.

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10
Q

Sample plots

A

A sampling technique used to calculate population density.

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11
Q

Life tables

A

Tracks survivorship, the chance of an individual in a given population surviving to various ages.

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12
Q

Survivorship curves

A

Plots survivorship as the proportion of individuals from an initial population that are alive at each age.

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13
Q

Type I survivorship curve

A

Produce few, well-earned offpsiring which increase the likelihood they reach maturity (ex. humans and many large mammals).

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14
Q

Type II survivorship curve

A

Surviviorship is fairly constant (ex. some invertebrates, lizards, and rodents/squirrals).

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15
Q

Type III survivorship curve

A

Produce large numbers of offspring, but do not care for them. Low survivorship (ex. many invertebrates like clams and grasshoppers, some fish, and turtles).

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16
Q

Invertebrates

A

Lack a backbone (ex. clams, bugs, insects).

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17
Q

Emigration

A

The process of individuals leaving an area.

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18
Q

Immigration

A

The process of individuals moving into an area.

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19
Q

Exponential growth

A

Rapid growth in a population’s size due to unlimited resources and ideal conditions (G=rN).

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20
Q

Per capita rate of increase (r)

A

The average contribution of each individual to population growth for the time interval. Per capita means “per person.”

21
Q

G

A

Growth rate of the population.

22
Q

N

A

Population size.

23
Q

Exponential growth model

A

Gives an idealized picture on the unlimited population growth. Indeal conditions and unlimited resources causes exponential growth (J shape curve).

24
Q

Logistic growth

A

The rapid growth of a population is slowed and eventually stopped because of limiting factors and the carrying capacity is met. (G=rN(K-N)/K).

25
Q

K

A

Carrying capacity (cc).

26
Q

Logistic growth model

A

Description of idealized population growth that is slowed by limiting factors as the population size increases (S shaped curve).

27
Q

Limiting factors

A

Environmental factors that restrict/interfere with population growth (hunting, breeding, space availability, reduced resources, increased predation).

28
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

29
Q

Density-dependent factors

A

Limiting factors whose intensity is related to population density (ex. disease, availability of space for hiding or reproduction, competition, crowning casuing stress, parasitism, predation/herbivory).

30
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of the same species for limited resources.

31
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals that are not in the same species for limited resources.

32
Q

Density-independent factors

A

A population-limiting factor whose intensity is unrelated to population density (ex. natural disasters, unusual weather, human activity/habitat destruction, sesonal cycles/changes).

33
Q

Boom period

A

A period of exponential growth in a population (low predation and high levels of prey, or high levels of prey and high predation).

34
Q

Bust period

A

A period of a massive decline in a population and it goes back to a minimal level (high predation and low levels of prey, or low levels of prey and low predation).

35
Q

Predation

A

When an animal hunts and kills another organism for food.

36
Q

Herbivory

A

When a herbivore grazes on a plant.

37
Q

Sustainable resource management

A

Practices that allow use of a natural resource without damaging it.

38
Q

Sustainable

A

Can keep going and kept forever.

39
Q

Unsustainable

A

Cannot keep going and kept forver.

40
Q

Demography

A

The study of populations and what affects them.

41
Q

Demographic transition

A

A shift from birth rates and death rates that are high but roughly equal to birth and death rates that are low but roughly equal.

42
Q

Age structure

A

(of a population) The number of individuals in different age-groups.

43
Q

Fertility rate

A

The average number of children produced by a woman over her lifetime.

44
Q

Population momentum

A

The increased proportion of women of childbearing age in the population (0-14 girls growing up to 15-49 women that reproduce). The momentum of reproduction is hard to stop and takes years to slow down (Can be related to a freight train).

45
Q

Ecological footprint

A

An estimate of the land and water area required to provide the resources an individual or a nation consumes (food, fuel, housing, and the absorption of waste).

46
Q

Biocapacity

A

Earth’s capacity to renew resources.

47
Q

Sustainability

A

The goal of developing, managing, and conserving Earth’s resources in ways that meet the needs of people today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

48
Q

Carbon footprint

A

The emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It is the largest component of humanity’s ecological footprint (through breathing, car emisions, etc.).

49
Q

gha

A

Global hectares.

Biology (1 decks)

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