Population Dynamics - Topic 1 Flashcards
What does ‘Exponential’ mean?
When the Y value of a graph is increasing at a higher rate than the X value.
Social reasons for why population is increasing exponentially.
Better healthcare, better welfare, better lifestyle.
Economic reasons for why population is increasing exponentially.
More investment in hospitals, better housing, more money in safe drinking water and better sewage disposal.
Why does population growth differ in different countries?
In HIC’s less parents are having children as infant mortality rates are lower.
In LIC’s however infant mortality is far higher and parents need lots of children for when they are older, so they have more babies to support them later in life.
What do ‘infant and child mortality’ mean?
Infant —> When a baby dies on birth
Child —> When a child dies between the ages of 0 and 2 (maybe a year more)
What do ‘natural increase’ and ‘life expectancy’ mean?
Natural Increase —> Birth rate - death rate
Life Expectancy —> The average age a person lives to in a certain area.
What do ‘birth and death rates’ mean?
Birth —> The number of babies being born per year.
Death —> The number of deaths per year.
What stages do certain countries fit in on the demographic transition model?
Stage 1 - An LIC such as Mali, Stage 2 and Stage 3 - NIC or BRIC’s such as China, Stage 4 - HIC’s such as the UK, Stage 5 - countries that are HIC’s with low birth rates such as Germany.
What are the three main sections of a population pyramid?
Young dependents, working population and elderly dependents.
How does ‘Economic’ growth effect the structure of a population graph?
The economic growth helps increase healthcare and welfare so life expectancy gets higher, the young dependents reduce and the number of elderly dependents increases.
How does ‘Migration’ effect the structure of a population graph?
Migration increase the number of workers and young dependents because many migrate seeking work and to get enough money to pay for their family.
How does ‘Conflict’ effect the structure of a population graph?
Conflict reduces the working population as many working age people are out fighting for their country of die whilst fighting so conflict negatively affects the working population.
Why may countries want to manage their population?
Because of overcrowding, skill shortages and resource pressure.
What do Pro and Anti-Natalist policies mean? Give an example of each.
Anti-Natalist means that the government discourages high birth rates, such as China’s One child policy.
Pro-Natalist means that the government encourages high birth rates, such as Singapore’s Three or more child policy.
What does Open-Door (UK) migration policy mean?
Open-Door means that anyone is allowed to enter the country with minimal background checks.
