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Biology > Population density > Flashcards

Population density Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are populations?

A

Groups of the same species in the same area

Population Characteristics

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of populations?

A

Density, distribution, and growth rate

Population Characteristics

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3
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of organisms per unit area

Population Characteristics

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4
Q

What is the density of Black Bears?

A

One bear per several hundred square kilometers

Density

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5
Q

What is the density of American Bison in Northern Yellowstone in 2000?

A

Four bison/lan

Density

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6
Q

What is the density of White-tailed Deer in some areas of the northeastern United States?

A

10 deer/kin*

Density

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7
Q

What are populations?

A

Groups of the same species in the same area

Population Characteristics

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of populations?

A

Density, distribution, and growth rate

Population Characteristics

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9
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of organisms per unit area

Population Characteristics

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10
Q

What is the density of Black Bears?

A

One bear per several hundred square kilometers

Density

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11
Q

What is the density of American Bison in Northern Yellowstone in 2000?

A

Four bison/lan

Density

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12
Q

What is the density of White-tailed Deer in some areas of the northeastern United States?

A

10 deer/kin*

Density

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13
Q

What is clumping in population dispersion?

A

Most common. Safety in numbers, social interaction, mating and caring for young, resources are clumped

Example: A herd of elephants clustering around a watering hole.

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14
Q

What is uniform distribution in population dispersion?

A

Not as common. Used because of scarcity of resources

Example: Trees in a forest spaced evenly apart to maximize access to sunlight and nutrients.

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15
Q

What is random distribution in population dispersion?

A

Quite rare. Can be hard to determine between truly random or largely ‘clumpy’

Example: The distribution of wildflowers in a meadow.

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16
Q

What is population density?

A

Population density is the number of individuals of a species per unit area.

Population density = Number of individuals / Unit area

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17
Q

What are the differences between population density and distribution?

A

Population density refers to the number of individuals per unit area, while distribution refers to the spatial arrangement of individuals in a population.

Population density = Number of individuals / Unit area
Distribution = Spatial arrangement of individuals

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18
Q

A population of 820 insects lives in a 1.2-acre area. They gather nectar from a population of 560 flowering plants. The plants live in a 0.2-acre area. Which population has greater density, the insects or the plants? Why?

A

The insects have greater density because there are more individuals (820) per unit area (1.2 acres) compared to the plants (560) per unit area (0.2 acres).

Population density = Number of individuals / Unit area

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19
Q

What can you infer (or guess) about a species that has a random pattern of distribution over space? A uniform pattern?

A

A species with a random pattern of distribution likely has resources evenly distributed, while a species with a uniform pattern may have resources clumped together.

Random pattern: Evenly distributed resources
Uniform pattern: Clumped resources

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20
Q

Be able to identify the three distribution patterns from an image or description.

A

The three distribution patterns are random, uniform, and clumped.

Distribution patterns: Random, Uniform, Clumped

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21
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

Any abiotic (non-living) or biotic (living) factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or redistribution of organisms is called a limiting factor.

Example: Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space

22
Q

What are examples of abiotic limiting factors?

A

Abiotic limiting factors include: sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space.

Example: Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space

23
Q

What are examples of biotic limiting factors?

A

Biotic limiting factors include other plant and animal species.

Example: Other plant and animal species

24
Q

How are limiting factors classified in terms of populations?

A

Limiting factors are either density-independent or density-dependent.

Not applicable

25
Q

What is a density-independent factor?

A

Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of members in a population.

Not applicable

26
Q

What is reproduction, or redistribution of organisms called?

A

Limiting factor

Example sentence: Auto tat estes me

27
Q

What are some abiotic limiting factors?

A

Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and space

None

28
Q

What are some biotic limiting factors?

A

Other plant and animal species

None

29
Q

What are density-independent limiting factors?

A

Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area

None

30
Q

What are some examples of density-independent limiting factors?

A

Weather events, fire, human alterations of the landscape, air, land, and water pollution

None

31
Q

What are density-independent limiting factors?

A

Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-independent factor.

Usually abiotic, and include:
- Weather events
- Fire
- Human alterations of the landscape
- Air, land, and water pollution

32
Q

What are some examples of density-independent limiting factors?

A

Weather events
Fire
Human alterations of the landscape
Air, land, and water pollution

These are all examples of density-independent limiting factors.

33
Q

What are density-dependent limiting factors?

A

Any factor in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-dependent factor.

Often biotic, and include:
- Predation
- Disease
- Competition
- Parasites

34
Q

What are some examples of density-dependent limiting factors?

A

Predation
Disease
Competition
Parasites

These are all examples of density-dependent limiting factors.

35
Q

What is the exponential growth model?

A

Occurs when growth rate is proportional to population size

Example: The population of bacteria doubles every hour.

36
Q

When do all populations grow exponentially?

A

Until they encounter a limiting factor

Additional information: This limiting factor can be food availability, space, or predation.

37
Q

What is the lag phase in exponential population growth?

A

The phase where population growth is slow or stagnant before exponential growth begins

Example: In a new habitat, a population of insects may have a lag phase before a sudden increase in numbers.

38
Q

Exponential growth

A

growth rate is proportional to population size

39
Q

All populations

A

grow exponentially until they encounter a limiting factor

40
Q

Logistic growth model

A

Occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops following exponential growth

A population stops increasing when the number of births < number of deaths, or when emigration > immigration.

41
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Population limit where growth rate stabilizes

Stable population size

42
Q

Exponential growth

A

growth rate is proportional to population size

43
Q

All populations

A

grow exponentially until they encounter a limiting factor

44
Q

Logistic growth model

A

Occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops following exponential growth

A population stops increasing when the number of births < number of deaths, or when emigration > immigration.

45
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Population limit where growth rate stabilizes

Stable population size

46
Q

What are the four things that impact population size?

A

Food, water, predation, and disease

These are all examples of density limiting factors.

47
Q

Anything that restricts the number of organisms in an environment is called a factor.

A

Factor

48
Q

What term describes the maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support?

A

Carrying capacity

49
Q

Usually abiotic, any factor that does not depend on the number of members of a population is known as a density limiting factor.

A

Density limiting factor

50
Q

How is a logistical growth model different from an exponential growth model?

A

A logistical growth model includes a carrying capacity, while an exponential growth model does not.

A logistical growth model shows a population growth that slows down as it reaches its carrying capacity, unlike an exponential growth model which shows unlimited growth.

Biology (1 decks)

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